A comparative study of emergent dark energy models

Abstract

Late (emergent) dark energy models that involve a hyperbolic tangent in their dynamic equations have achieved success due to their simplicity, the possibility of resolving the Hubble tension, and, in some cases their consistency with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) results. Among the most studied are the Phenomenological and General Emergent Dark Energy Models (PEDE and GEDE, respectively), the variable curvature model, and the graduated dark energy model. Our goal is to include the curvature term in the models and perform a robust comparative study using diverse data samples, in particular, Cosmic Chronometers, Type Ia supernovae, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from DESI-DR1, and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. This study presents the Universe age, the deceleration, the $w_{eff}$ parameter reconstruction, the redshift transition, and the best fit for the free parameters of each model. Our collected evidence from Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion indicates that the best candidate is the PEDE model. Nevertheless, the variable-curvature model is the only model that exhibits a decelerated phase near $z=0$, consistent with the results from DESI.