Spin-orbit gap of graphene: First-principles calculations
Yugui Yao, Fei Ye, Xiao-Liang Qi, Shou-Cheng Zhang, Zhong Fang
Abstract
Even though graphene is a low energy system consisting of the two dimensional honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, its quasi-particle excitations are fully described by the 2+1 dimensional relativistic Dirac equation. In this paper we show that while the spin-orbit interaction in graphene is of the order of 4 meV, it opens up a gap of the order of 10-3 meV at the Dirac points. We present the first principle calculation of the spin-orbit gap, and explain the behavior in terms of a simple tight-binding model. Our result also shows that the recently predicted quantum spin Hall effect in graphene can only occur at unrealistically low temperature.
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