July 2004 arXiv papers — page 5

S. M. Kuzenko

Within the background field formulation in harmonic superspace for quantum N = 2 super Yang-Mills theories, the propagators of the matter, gauge and ghost superfields possess a complicated dependence on the SU(2) harmonic variables via the background vector multiplet. This dependence is shown to simplify drastically in the case of an on-shell vector multiple

Paramita Dey, Gautam Bhattacharyya

We discuss the origin of ultraviolet sensitivity in extra dimensional theories, and compare and contrast the cutoff dependences in universal, nonuniversal and split five dimensional models. While the gauge bosons and scalars are in the five dimensional bulk in all scenarios, the locations of the fermions are different in different cases. In the universal mod

Xi-Feng Ren, Guo-Ping Guo, Jian Li, Guang-Can Guo

We found that the Hermit-Gaussian(HG) modes of the down converted beams from the spontaneous parametric down conversion are quasi-conserved and the generated photon pairs are HG modes entangled for some special cases. This is valuable for either the investigation of fundament properties of multi-dimensional entanglement or quantum information applications.

Louis H. Kauffman

We discuss the structure of teleportation. By associating matrices to the preparation and measurement states, we show that for a unitary transformation M there is a full teleportation procedure for obtaining M|S> from a given state |S>. The key to this construction is a diagrammatic intepretation of matrix multiplication that applies equally well to a topolo

David R. Law, Kathryn V. Johnston, Steven R. Majewski

M giants recovered from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) have recently been used to map the position and velocity distributions of tidal debris from the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal galaxy entirely around the Galaxy. We compare this data set to both test particle orbits and N-body simulations of satellite destruction run within a variety of rigid

Kathryn V. Johnston, David R. Law, Steven R. Majewski

M giants selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) have been used to trace streams of tidal debris apparently associated with the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr) that entirely encircle the Galaxy. While the Sgr M giants are generally aligned with a single great circle on the sky, we measure a difference of 10.4 +- 2.6 degrees between the

Aurelien Dantan, Alberto Bramati, Michel Pinard, Elisabeth Giacobino

We study how to efficiently manipulate and store quantum information between optical fields and atomic ensembles. We show how various non-dissipative transfer schemes can be used to transfer and store quantum states such as squeezed vacuum states or entangled states into the long-lived ground state spins of atomic ensembles.

Yakir Aharonov, Jeeva Anandan, G. Jordan Maclay, Jun Suzuki

A system consisting of two neutral spin 1/2 particles is analyzed for two magnetic field perturbations: 1) an inhomogeneous magnetic field over all space, and 2) external fields over a half space containing only one of the particles. The field is chosen to point from one particle to the other, which results in essentially a one-dimensional problem. A number

A. Aiello, J. P. Woerdman

We present a theoretical study of multi-mode scattering of light by optically random media, using the Mueller-Stokes formalism which permits to encode all the polarization properties of the scattering medium in a real $4 \times 4$ matrix. From this matrix two relevant parameters can be extracted: the depolarizing power $D_M$ and the polarization entropy $E_M

X. X. Yi, J. L. Chang

The effect due to the inter-subsystem coupling on the off-diagonal geometric phase in a composite system is investigated. We analyze the case where the system undergo an adiabatic evolution. Two coupled qubits driven by time-dependent external magnetic fields are presented as an example, the off-diagonal geometric phase as well as the adiabatic condition are

Andreas F. Terzis, Emmanuel Paspalakis

We investigate the ground state and the thermal entanglement in the two-qubit Ising model interacting with a site-dependent magnetic field. The degree of entanglement is measured by calculating the concurrence. For zero temperature and for certain direction of the applied magnetic field, the quantum phase transition observed under a uniform external magnetic

Michael Rosenblit, Peter Horak, Steve Helsby, Ron Folman

We investigate the possibility of using dielectric microdisk resonators for the optical detection of single atoms trapped and cooled in magnetic microtraps near the surface of a substrate. The bound and evanescent fields of optical whispering gallery modes are calculated and the coupling to straight waveguides is investigated using finite-difference time dom

Gavin K. Brennen, Dianne P. O'Leary, Stephen S. Bullock

We describe criteria for implementation of quantum computation in qudits. A qudit is a d-dimensional system whose Hilbert space is spanned by states |0>, |1>,... |d-1>. An important earlier work of Mathukrishnan and Stroud [1] describes how to exactly simulate an arbitrary unitary on multiple qudits using a 2d-1 parameter family of single qudit and two qudit

Sibel Baskal, Y. S. Kim

Einstein had to learn the mathematics of Lorentz transformations in order to complete his covariant formulation of Maxwell's equations. The mathematics of Lorentz transformations, called the Lorentz group, continues playing its important role in optical sciences. It is the basic mathematical language for coherent and squeezed states. It is noted that the

Gavriel Segre

The Mermin-Squires Music Hall inteludium on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen affair is analyzed by showing the fallacity of the One-Borel-Normality Criterion and the necessity of replacing it with the more restrictive Algorithmic-Randomness Criterion

R. M. Serra, C. J. Villas-Boas, N. G. de Almeida, M. H. Y. Moussa

In this letter we present a scheme for the implementation of frequency up- and down-conversion operations in two-mode cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). This protocol for engineering bilinear two-mode interactions could enlarge perspectives for quantum information manipulation and also be employed for fundamental tests of quantum theory in cavity QED. As

Thomas Garel, Henri Orland, Edouard Yeramian

The Poland-Scheraga (PS) model for the helix-coil transition of DNA considers the statistical mechanics of the thermally induced binding of two complementary strands of DNA. In this paper, we show how to modify the PS model when a torque is applied to the extremities of DNA: We propose a simple model for the energy of twisted DNA and compute the entropy of a

E. J. Angstmann, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum

Evidence that the fine structure constant, alpha, was different in an early epoch has recently been found in quasar (QSO) absorption spectra. An accurate laboratory measurement of alpha variation could help to distinguish between space and time variation of alpha and possibly confirm the QSO results. We have performed calculations of the relativistic energy

Igor D. Kaganovich, Edward Startsev, Ronald C. Davidson

The values of ion-atom ionization cross sections are frequently needed for many applications that utilize the propagation of fast ions through matter. When experimental data and theoretical calculations are not available, approximate formulas are frequently used. This paper briefly summarizes the most important theoretical results and approaches to cross sec

E. A. Ponomarev, P. A. Sedykh

This paper gives a brief outline of the progression from the first substorm model developed in [Ponomarev, 1985; Sedykh, Ponomarev, 2002] based on C.F. Kennel's ideas, to the present views about the mechanism by which solar wind kinetic energy is converted to electromagnetic energy at the Bow Shock and by which this energy is transferred to the magnetosp

G. G. Dussel, H. M. Sofia

The dominance of S and D pairs in the description of deformed nuclei is one of the facts that provided sustain to the Interacting Boson Approximation. In Ref.(J. Dukelsky and S. Pittel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4791, 2001.), using an exactly solvable model with a repulsive pairing interaction between bosons it has been shown that the ground state is described al

Agus Salam, Hartmuth Arenhoevel

Kaon photoproduction on the deuteron is studied with respect to a specific two-body contribution, namely a pion mediated production process, besides other final state interaction contributions from kaon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon scattering. In this process, a pion is first photoproduced on one nucleon and then interacts with the spectator nucleon in a stra

Leiming Chen, John Toner

We study the smectic AC transition in anisotropic and uniaxial disordered environments, e.g., aerogel with an external field. We find very strange behavior of translational correlations: the low-temperature, lower-symmetry Smectic C phase is itless translationally ordered than the it high-temperature, higher-symmetry Smectic A phase, with short-ranged and al

Y. Brihaye, C. Gonera, P. Kosinski, P. Maslanka

The dynamical systems of identical particles admitting quadratic integrals of motion are classified. The relevant integrals are explicitly constructed and their relation to separation of variables in H-J equation is clarified.

Y. Brihaye, C. Gonera, P. Kosinski, P. Maslanka

The quantum dynamical systems of identical particles admitting an additional integral quadratic in momenta are considered. It is found that an appropriate ordering procedure exists which allows to convert the classical integrals into their quantum counterparts. The relation to the separation of variables in Schroedinger equation is discussed.

A. W. Beckwith

The tunneling Hamiltonian has proven to be a useful method in many body physics to treat particle tunneling between different states represented as wavefunctions. Here, we apply a generalization of the way we formed appropriate wave functionals for CDW on how to present nucleation of an inflationary universe. This allows us to make a generalization of the mo

T. G. Elizarova, I. A. Shirokov, S. Montero

We compare the thickness of shock wave fronts at different Mach numbers, modeled via Navier-Stokes (NS) and Quasi-gasdynamic (QGD) equations, with experimental results from the literature. Monoatomic argon and helium, and diatomic nitrogen, are considered. In this modeling a finite-difference scheme with second-order spatial accuracy is employed. For argon t

Tim Gould, Charles Wang

We present and derive a technique for the introduction of defects into a beam model based on the Cosserat theory of rods. The technique is designed for the derivation of component models of non-ideal rods for use in MEMS devices. We also present a worked through example of blob/nick defects (where the rod has an area with an excess/lack of material) and a gu

Ken Loo

Using nonstandard analysis, we will extend the classical Turing machines into the internal Turing machines. The internal Turing machines have the capability to work with infinite ($*$-finite) number of bits while keeping the finite combinatoric structures of the classical Turing machines. We will show the following. The internal deterministic Turing machines

Sergei Konyagin, Izabella Laba

The Falconer conjecture asserts that if E is a planar set with Hausdorff dimension strictly greater than 1, then its Euclidean distance set has positive one-dimensional Lebesgue measure. We discuss the analogous question with the Euclidean distance replaced by non-Euclidean norms in which the unit ball is a polygon with 2K sides. We prove that for any such n

Ivana Alexandrova

We consider scattering by general compactly supported semi-classical perturbations of the Euclidean Laplace-Beltrami operator. We show that if the suitably cut-off resolvent of the Hamiltonian quantizes a Lagrangian relation on the product cotangent bundle, the scattering amplitude quantizes the natural scattering relation. In the case when the resolvent is

Gabriela P. Ovando

In this paper we deal with symplectic Lie algebras. All symplectic structures are determined for dimension four and the corresponding Lie algebras are classified up to equivalence. Symplectic four dimensional Lie algebras are described either as solutions of the cotangent extension problem or as symplectic double extension of $\Bbb RR^2$ by $\Bbb RR$. The di

Simon P Morgan

Piecewise Euclidean structures (identified solid Euclidean polyhedra) on topological 3-dimensional manifolds and pseudo-manifolds are constructed so that they admit pseudo-foliations, a generalized type of foliation. The construction of non-manifold point neighborhoods is done to preserve as much of the geometric, and vector space, structure of Euclidean spa

Brian Osserman

We develop a new, more functorial construction for the basic theory of limit linear series, which provides a compactification of the Eisenbud-Harris theory, and shows promise for generalization to higher-dimensional varieties and higher-rank vector bundles. We also give a result on lifting linear series from characteristic p to characteristic 0. In an append

J. Scott Carter, Masahico Saito, Shin Satoh

We prove that a crossing change along a double point circle on a 2-knot is realized by ribbon-moves for a knotted torus obtained from the 2-knot by attaching a 1-handle. It follows that any 2-knots for which the crossing change is an unknotting operation, such as ribbon 2-knots and twist-spun knots, have trivial Khovanov-Jacobsson number.

Kamran Divaani-Aazar, Mohammad Ali Esmkhani

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. For a finitely generated $R$-module $M$, the notion of associated prime submodules of $M$ is defined. It is shown that this notion inherits most of essential properties of the usual notion of associated prime ideals. In particular, it is proved that for a Noetherian multiplication module $M$, the set of associated

Benjamin Nill

We give equivalent and sufficient criteria for the automorphism group of a complete toric variety, respectively a Gorenstein toric Fano variety, to be reductive. In particular we show that the automorphism group of a Gorenstein toric Fano variety is reductive, if the barycenter of the associated reflexive polytope is zero. Furthermore a sharp bound on the di

Brendan Guilfoyle, Wilhelm Klingenberg

The total space of the tangent bundle of a Kähler manifold admits a canonical Kähler structure. Parallel translation identifies the space ${\Bbb{T}}$ of oriented affine lines in ${\Bbb{R}}^3$ with the tangent bundle of $S^2$. Thus, the round metric on $S^2$ induces a Kähler structure on ${\Bbb{T}}$ which turns out to have a metric of neutral signature. It is

Uwe Franz

Various recent results on quantum Lévy processes are presented. The first part provides an introduction to the theory of Lévy processes on involutive bialgebras. The notion of independence used for these processes is tensor independence, which generalizes the notion of independence used in classical probability and corresponds to independent observables in q

Vincent Blondel, Yurii Nesterov

The joint spectral radius of a set of matrices is a measure of the maximal asymptotic growth rate that can be obtained by forming long products of matrices taken from the set. This quantity appears in a number of application contexts but is notoriously difficult to compute and to approximate. We introduce in this paper a procedure for approximating the joint

N. A. Gromov, D. B. Efimov, I. V. Kostyakov, V. V. Kuratov

Quantum planes which correspond to all one parameter solutions of QYBE for the two-dimensional case of GL-groups are summarized and their geometrical interpretations are given. It is shown that the quantum dual plane is associated with an exotic solution of QYBE and the well-known quantum $h$-plane may be regarded as the quantum analog of the flag (or fiber)

Jörg Wenzel

We introduce stronger versions of the usual notions of martingale type p <= 2 and cotype q >= 2 of a Banach space X and show that these concepts are equivalent to uniform p-smoothness and q-convexity, respectively. All these are metric concepts, so they depend on the particular norm in X. These concepts allow us to get some more insight into the fine line be

Jörg Wenzel

The UMD property of a Banach space is one of the most useful properties when one thinks about possible applications. This is in particular due to the boundedness of the vector-valued Hilbert transform for functions with values in such a space. Looking at operators instead of at spaces, it is easy to check that the summation operator does not have the UMD pro

Caterina Consani, Matilde Marcolli

Archimedean cohomology provides a cohomological interpretation for the calculation of the local L-factors at archimedean places as zeta regularized determinant of a log of Frobenius. In this paper we investigate further the properties of the Lefschetz and log of monodromy operators on this cohomology. We use the Connes-Kreimer formalism of renormalization to

Sebastian Martin Ruiz, M. L. Perez

In this paper we present the definitions and some properties of several Samrandache Type Functions that are involved in many solved and unsolved problems and conjectures in number theory and recreational mathematics.

Isamu Iwanari, Atsushi Moriwak

Kobayashi-Ochiai&#39;s theorem says us that the set of dominant rational maps to a complex variety of general type is finite. In this paper, we give a generalization of it in the category of log schemes.

San Vu Ngoc

This article is a survey of classical and quantum completely integrable systems from the viewpoint of local ``phase space&#39;&#39; analysis. It advocates the use of normal forms and shows how to get global information from glueing local pieces. Many crucial phenomena such as monodromy or eigenvalue concentration are shown to arise from the presence of non-d

Li Ma, Dezhong Chen

Let $(M, g)$ be an $n$-dimensional complete Riemannian manifold with $Ric(M)\geq-(n-1)Q$, where $Q\geq0$ is a constant. We obtain an interior gradient bound for minimal graphs in $M\times R$ under some technical assumptions. For details, see Theorem 2.

Akihiko Inoue, Yumiharu Nakano, Vo Van Anh

We study the linear filtering problem for systems driven by continuous Gaussian processes with memory described by two parameters. The driving processes have the virtue that they possess stationary increments and simple semimartingale representations simultaneously. It allows for straightforward parameter estimations. After giving the semimartingale represen

Vladimir Pestov

The paper has been withdrawn by the author as the main technical result (Th. 4.6) is false, as well as Corol. 4.3 on which it is based. The question of oscillation stability of the Urysohn space remains therefore open.

Louis H. Kauffman, Sofia Lambropoulou

In the present paper we give a new method for converting virtual knots and links to virtual braids. Indeed the braiding method given in this paper is quite general, and applies to all the categories in which braiding can be accomplished. We give a unifying topological interpretation of virtuals and flats (virtual strings) and their isotopies via ribbon surfa

Anatol N. Kirillov

We report about some results, interesting examples, problems and conjectures revolving around the parabolic Kostant partition functions, the parabolic Kostka polynomials and ``saturation&#39;&#39; properties of several generalizations of the Littlewood--Richardson numbers.

Gavriel Segre

A bundle theoretic interpretation of the non-adiabatic classical geometric phase is given in the Koopman representation of dynamics

Vadim Kostrykin, Konstantin A. Makarov

Let $\mathbf{A}$ be a bounded self-adjoint operator on a separable Hilbert space $\mathfrak{H}$ and $\mathfrak{H}_0\subset\mathfrak{H}$ a closed invariant subspace of $\mathbf{A}$. Assuming that $\mathfrak{H}_0$ is of codimension 1, we study the variation of the invariant subspace $\mathfrak{H}_0$ under bounded self-adjoint perturbations $\mathbf{V}$ of $\ma

Marius Junge, Javier Parcet

We investigate the norm of sums of independent vector-valued random variables in noncommutative Lp spaces. This allows us to obtain a uniform family of complete embeddings of the Schatten class Sq^n in Sp(lq^m) with optimal order m = n^2. Using these embeddings we show the surprising fact that the sharp type (cotype) index in the sense of operator spaces for

Fernando Cukierman

Let F be a homogeneous real polynomial of even degree in any number of variables. We consider the problem of giving explicit conditions on the coefficients so that F is positive definite or positive semi-definite. In this note we produce a necessary condition for positivity and a sufficient condition for non-negativity, in terms of positivity or semi-positiv

Agnieszka Kijanka, Piotr Kosinski

Energy spectrum of isotropic oscillator as a function of noncommutativity parameter theta is studied. It is shown that for a dense set of values of theta the spectrum is degenerated and the algebra responsible for degeneracy can be always chosen to be sU(2). The generators of the algebra are constructed explicitely.

Deog Ki Hong, Stephen D. H. Hsu

We investigate the geometry of lightsheets comprised of null geodesics near a brane. Null geodesics which begin parallel to a brane a distance d away are typically gravitationally bound to the brane, so that the maximum distance from the geodesic to the brane never exceeds d. The geometry of resulting lightsheets is similar to that of the brane if one coarse

R. Enberg, J. Forshaw, L. Motyka, G. Poludniowski

Diffractive photoproduction of rho, phi and J/psi was studied in the BFKL approach to hard colour singlet exchange. Differential cross sections, the energy dependence and spin density matrix elements were calculated and compared to data from HERA. The overall description of data is reasonably good, except of the single flip amplitude which has the wrong sign

Veronique Page

We describe here a method for detecting physics beyond the standard model via CP violation in B->rho,pi decays. Using a Dalitz-plot analysis to obtain alpha, along with an analytical extraction of the various tree (T) and penguin (P) amplitudes, we obtain a criterion for the absence of new physics (NP). This criterion involves the comparison of the measured

Arnd Brandenburg, Frank Daniel Steffen

We compute the thermal axino production rate in supersymmetric QCD to leading order in the gauge coupling. Using hard thermal loop resummation and the Braaten-Yuan prescription, we obtain a finite result in a gauge-invariant way, which takes into account Debye screening in the hot quark-gluon-squark-gluino plasma. The relic axino density from thermal reactio

S. Schilling, C. Greub, N. Salzmann, B. Toedtli

In this letter we present the analytic results for the two-loop corrections to the Wilson coefficients C_9(mu_W) and C_10(mu_W) in type-I and type-II two-Higgs-doublet models at the matching scale mu_W. These corrections are important ingredients for next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic predictions of various observables related to the decays B -> X_s l^+ l^-

Einan Gardi

I illustrate the role of infrared renormalons in computing inclusive B-decay spectra. I explain the relation between the leading ambiguity in the definition of Sudakov form factor \sim \exp(NΛ/M) and that of the pole mass, and show how these ambiguities cancel out between the perturbative and non-perturbative components of the b-quark distribution in the mes

A. Vogt, S. Moch, J. Vermaseren

We have computed the next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) contributions to the evolution of unpolarized parton distributions in perturbative QCD. In this talk, we briefly recall why this huge computation was necessary and outline how it was performed. We then illustrate the structure of the results and discuss their end-point limits which include the three-l

Zenro Hioki

Current status of Top/QCD studies at linear colliders (LC) is briefly viewed, classifying topics into two categories: those within the standard model and those beyond the standard model.

M. van Iersel, B. L. G. Bakker

Our purpose is to calculate relativistic bound states in a quantum filed theoretical approach. We work in the Yukawa model and first calculate the bound-state equation in the ladder approximation. We discuss why this is not a complete treatment and what possibilities there are to extend this equation.

M. Awramik, M. Czakon, A. Freitas, G. Weiglein

We present a complete calculation of the contributions to the effective leptonic weak mixing angle, sin^2theta_eff, generated by closed fermion loops at the two-loop level of the electroweak interactions. This quantity is the source of the most stringent bound on the mass, M_H, of the only undiscovered particle of the Standard Model, the Higgs boson. The siz

Michael Gronau

Recent CP asymmetry measurements in tree-dominated processes, $B^0\to π^+π^-, ρ^+ρ^-, ρ^{\pm}π^{\mp}, B^+\to DK^+$, and in penguin-dominated decays, $B \to π^0 K_S, η&#39; K_S, ϕK_S$, are interpreted in the framework of the Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) mechanism of CP violation. The KM phase emerges as the dominant source of CP violation in tree-dominated decays,

A. V. Berezhnoy

The contributions of different color flows into the gluonic Bc-meson production cross section has been calculated. This study is essential to simulate Bc-meson production with the help of Pythia program. The essence of matter is that in the frame work of the Lund model used by Pythia the hadronization way of the final partons and hadronic remnants depends on

B. Nicolescu, J. P. B. C. de Melo

We suggest that the recently discovered charm-strange meson D_sJ(2632), with unusual properties, could be a cyptoexotic tetraquark baryonium state cdd_bars_bar. We predict other four narrow states, as Regge recurrences of D_sJ(2632), below the possible baryon-antibaryon thresholds.

Corrado Appignani

After presenting a brief review of the phenomenology of the Leading Effect, we define a new variable, the ``Total Available Quadri-Scalar&#39;&#39; (Atot), and propose it as the invariant quantity effectively available for the production of the multihadronic final states. The introduction and the definition of this new variable are justified by means of simp

Lydia Roos

The BABAR collaboration measurements of the B -> pipi, B -> rhopi and B -> rhorho decays are presented. New results, from a 113 fb-1 data sample, on the time-dependent CP asymmetries of the longitudinally polarized component of the B0 -> rho+rho- channel are S_{rhorho,long}=-0.19 +/- 0.33 +/- 0.11 and C_{rhorho,long}=-0.23 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.14. Constraints on t

M. Wing

The substructure of jets has been studied in terms of the jet shape and subjet multiplicity and these quantities used to tag gluon- and quark-initiated jets. Cross sections are presented for gluon- and quark-tagged jets which exhibit the expected behaviour of the underlying parton dynamics. The value of alpha_s(M_Z) of alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1176 +- 0.0009 (stat.)

M. Wing

Precise measurements of charm production in deep inelastic scattering are presented and compared with next-to-leading-order QCD. The data show sensitivity to the choice of parametrisation of the gluon density in the proton and could be used in future global fits of the parton densities.

Xuehai Zhang, Jennifer M. Schopf

Monitoring and information services form a key component of a distributed system, or Grid. A quantitative study of such services can aid in understanding the performance limitations, advise in the deployment of the monitoring system, and help evaluate future development work. To this end, we examined the performance of the Globus Toolkit(reg. trdmrk) Monitor

Vincent Blondel, Anahi Gajardo, Maureen Heymans, Pierre Senellart

We introduce a concept of similarity between vertices of directed graphs. Let G_A and G_B be two directed graphs. We define a similarity matrix whose (i, j)-th real entry expresses how similar vertex j (in G_A) is to vertex i (in G_B. The similarity matrix can be obtained as the limit of the normalized even iterates of a linear transformation. In the special

Stephen Alstrup, Michael A. Bender, Erik D. Demaine, Martin Farach-Colton

We consider the problem of laying out a tree with fixed parent/child structure in hierarchical memory. The goal is to minimize the expected number of block transfers performed during a search along a root-to-leaf path, subject to a given probability distribution on the leaves. This problem was previously considered by Gil and Itai, who developed optimal but

A. Kapitulnik, A. Fang, C. Howald, M. Greven

In this paper we summarize our STM studies of the density of electronic states in nearly optimally doped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ in zero field. We report on the inhomogeneity of the gap structure, density of states modulations with four-lattice constant period, and coherence peak modulation.

Philippe Beaucage, Normand Mousseau

It was recently demonstrated that the Stillinger-Weber silicon undergoes a liquid-liquid first-order phase transition deep into the supercooled region (Sastry and Angell, Nature Materials 2, 739 (2003)). Here we study the effects of perturbations on this phase transition. We show that the order of the liquid-liquid transition changes with negative pressure.

A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov

The influence of a periodic landscape of pinning sites on the vortex dynamics in Pb thin films is explored by ac-susceptibility measurements. For different amplitudes h of the ac-drive, the ac-susceptibility x=x&#39;+ix&#39;&#39; exhibits a complex field dependence associated with different dynamic regimes. At very low ac-drives where both, multiquanta vorti

V. P. Antropov

This is a comment on publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 087205 (2003): ``Exchange interaction parameters and adiabatic spin-wave spectra of ferromagnets: A `renormalized magnetic force theorem&#39;&#39;&#39;

F. Luis, V. Gonzalez, A. Millan, J. L. Garcia-Palacios

The nonlinear dynamical response of Mn$_{12}$ single-molecule magnets is experimentally found to be very large, quite insensitive to the spin-lattice coupling constant, and displaying peaks reversed with respect to classical superparamagnets. It is shown that these features are caused by the strong field dependence of the relaxation rate due to the detuning

A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, V. V. Moshchalkov

We have studied the influence of a square array of pinning centers on the dynamics of vortex avalanches in Pb thin films by means of ac- and dc- magnetization measurements. Close to the superconducting transition Tc the commensurability between the vortex lattice and the pinning array leads to the well known local increments of the critical current. As tempe

C. Gould, C. Rüster, T. Jungwirth, E. Girgis

We introduce a new class of spintronics devices in which a spin-valve like effect results from strong spin-orbit coupling in a single ferromagnetic layer rather than from injection and detection of a spin-polarized current by two coupled ferromagnets. The effect is observed in a normal-metal/insulator/ferromagnetic-semiconductor tunneling device. This behavi

Alejandro B. Kolton, D. R. Grempel, Daniel Dominguez

The non-equilibrium relaxational properties of a three dimensional Coulomb glass model are investigated by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Our results suggest a transition from stationary to non-stationary dynamics at the equilibrium glass transition temperature of the system. Below the transition the dynamic correlation functions loose time translation inv

D. Doenitz, R. Straub, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle

We use low-temperature scanning electron microscopy combined with SQUID detection of magnetic flux to image vortices and to investigate low-frequency flux noise in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ thin film SQUIDs. The low-frequency flux noise shows a nonlinear increase with magnetic cooling field up to 60 $μ$T. This effect is explained by the surface potential barrier at

B. Lazarovits, B. Ujfalussy, L. Szunyogh, G. M. Stocks

By using ab initio methods on different levels we study the magnetic ground state of (finite) atomic wires deposited on metallic surfaces. A phenomenological model based on symmetry arguments suggests that the magnetization of a ferromagnetic wire is aligned either normal to the wire and, generally, tilted with respect to the surface normal or parallel to th

Henk van Beijeren

The well-known ergodic hierarchy of sheerly ergodic, mixing, Kolmogorov and Bernoulli systems, with each next level supposedly encompassing the previous one, is shown to be too simplistic in its usual formulation. A K-system can be sheerly ergodic and sometimes may be reduced to a sheerly mixing system by some simple projection. More precise characterization

Katsushi Hashimoto, Koji Muraki, Norio Kumada, Tadashi Saku

We examine effects of inversion asymmetry of a GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum well (QW) on electron-nuclear spin coupling in the fractional quantum Hall (QH) regime. Increasing the QW potential asymmetry at a fixed Landau-level filling factor (nu) with gate voltages suppresses the current-induced nuclear spin polarization in the nu = 2/3 Ising QH ferromagnet, whi

P. Pieri, G. C. Strinati

Theoretical treatments of the BCS-BEC crossover need to provide as accurate as possible descriptions of the two regimes where the diluteness condition applies, either in terms of the constituent fermions (BCS limit) or of the composite bosons which form as bound-fermion pairs (BEC limit). This has to occur via a single fermionic theory that bridges across th

G. C. Milward, M. J. Calderon, P. B. Littlewood

The phenomenon of colossal magnetoresistance in manganites is generally agreed to be a result of competition between crystal phases with different electronic, magnetic, and structural order; a competition which can be strong enough to cause phase separation between metallic ferromagnet and insulating charge modulated states. Nevertheless, closer inspection o

D. Reisinger, P. Majewski, M. Opel, L. Alff

Magnetite (Fe3O4) based tunnel junctions with turret/mesa structure have been investigated for different barrier materials (SrTiO3, NdGaO3, MgO, SiO2, and Al2O(3-x)). Junctions with a Ni counter electrode and an aluminium oxide barrier showed reproducibly a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect at room temperature of up to 5% with almost ideal switching b

Shreyas Y. Bhide, Debashree Ghosh, S. Yashonath, G. Ananthakrishna

Molecular dynamics simulations of sorbates of different sizes confined to the interior of carbon nanotubes are reported. The mean squared displacement shows gradual change from diffusive for small sorbates to superdiffusive for intermediate sized-sorbates to ballistic for sizes comparable to the channel diameter. We show that this crossover behaviour can be

N. T. Bagraev, A. D. Bouravleuv, W. Gehlhoff, L. E. Klyachkin

We present ultra-shallow diffusion profiles performed by short-time diffusion of boron from the gas phase using controlled surface injection of self-interstitials and vacancies into the n-type Si(100) wafers. The diffusion profiles of this art are found to consist of both longitudinal and lateral silicon quantum wells of the p-type that are self-assembled be

Denis Danilov

Planar solidification from an undercooled melt has been considered using the phase-field model. The solute and the phase fields have been found in the limit of small impurity concentration. These solutions in the limit of vanishing velocity of the interface motion give the equilibrium partition coefficient and the liquidus slope. Asymptotic expansions for th

I. A. Shelykh, N. T. Bagraev, N. G. Galkin, L. E. Klyachkin

The spin-interference that is caused by the Rashba spin-orbit interaction in a gate-controlled Aharonov-Bohm ring is studied by the analysis of the conductance oscillations as a function of both the gate voltage and magnetic field. The scattering matrix approach is used to reveal the effect of the quantum scatterers connected to two one-dimensional leads on

J. Baschnagel, J. P. Wittmer, H. Meyer

A coarse-grained simulation model eliminates microscopic degrees of freedom and represents a polymer by a simplified structure. A priori, two classes of coarse-grained models may be distinguished: those which are designed for a specific polymer and reflect the underlying atomistic details to some extent, and those which retain only the most basic features of

A. D. Drozdov

A formula is derived for stiffness of a polymer chain in terms of the distribution function of end-to-end vectors. This relationship is applied to calculate the stiffness of Gaussian chains (neutral and carrying electric charges at the ends), chains modeled as self-avoiding random walks, as well as semi-flexible (worm-like and Dirac) chains. The effects of p

M. K. Hassan, J. Kurths

We propose a stochastic counterpart of the classical Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) model to describe the nucleation-and-growth phenomena of a stable phase (S-phase). We report that for growth velocity of S-phase $v=s(t)/t$ where $s(t)$ is the mean value of the interval size $x$ of metastable phase (M-phase) and for $v=x/τ(x)$ where $τ(x)$ is the mean

Florent Krzakala, Andrea Pagnani, Martin Weigt

We consider the problem of coloring Erdos-Renyi and regular random graphs of finite connectivity using q colors. It has been studied so far using the cavity approach within the so-called one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB) ansatz. We derive a general criterion for the validity of this ansatz and, applying it to the ground state, we provide evidence tha