August 2018 arXiv papers — page 15

Qiaoling Wang, Changyu Xia

In this paper, we prove an isoperimetric inequality for lower order eigenvalues of the free membrane problem on bounded domains of a Euclidean space or a hyperbolic space which strengthens the well-known Szegö-Weinberger inequality and supports strongly an important conjecture of Ashbaugh-Benguria.

Sandra Unruh, Peter Schneider, Stefan Hilbert

Using the same lens galaxies, the ratios of tangential shears for different source galaxy redshifts is equal to the ratios of their corresponding angular-diameter distances. This is the so-called shear-ratio test (SRT) and it is valid when effects induced by the intervening large-scale structure (LSS) can be neglected. The dominant LSS effect is magnificatio

Gen Chiaki, John H. Wise

We investigate the formation of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars that are observed in the Galactic halo and neighboring ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. Their low metal abundances (${\rm [Fe/H]} < -3$) indicate that their parent clouds were enriched by a single or several supernovae (SNe) from the first (Pop III) stars. In this study, we perform numerical simulat

Michael R. Fellinger, Anne Marie Z. Tan, Louis G. Hector, Dallas R. Trinkle

We use DFT to compute core structures of $a_0[100](010)$ edge, $a_0[100](011)$ edge, $a_0/2[\bar{1}\bar{1}1](1\bar{1}0)$ edge, and $a_0/2[111](1\bar{1}0)$ $71^{\circ}$ mixed dislocations in bcc Fe. The calculations use flexible boundary conditions (FBC), which allow dislocations to relax as isolated defects by coupling the core to an infinite harmonic lattic

Rainer Schulze-Pillot

We give a short and purely bilinear proof of the fact that two chains of $p$-elementary lattices with quadratic form or alternating bilinear form over the $p$-adic integers ore more generally over a complete discrete valuation ring have common hyperbolic bases. This fact, which is useful for the study of Bruhat-Tits buildings, has been proven before with dif

Yinghua Qiu

The resistive-pulse technique provides a fast and label-free method for nanoparticle detection. In order to achieve a higher sensitivity, thin nanopores, such as silicon nitride pores, are usually considered. In this paper, nanoparticle detection has been mimicked by simulations. We found the surface charges of the particle can affect the current blockade ob

Clara Loeh

For primes $p$, we investigate an $\mathbb{F}_p$-version of simplicial volume and compare these invariants with their siblings over other coefficient rings. We will also consider the associated gradient invariants, obtained by stabilisation along finite coverings. Throughout, we will discuss the relation between such simplicial volumes and Betti numbers.

Egor Morozov

We consider an interesting class of combinatorial symmetries of polytopes which we call \emph{edge-length preserving combinatorial symmetries}. These symmetries not only preserve the combinatorial structure of a polytope but also map each edge of the polytope to an edge of the same length. We prove a simple sufficient condition for a polytope to realize all

Anton Autere, Henri Jussila, Andrea Marini, J. R. M. Saavedra

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit high nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibilities. Experiments on MoS$_2$ have indeed revealed very large second-order ($χ^{(2)}$) and third-order ($χ^{(3)}$) optical susceptibilities. However, third harmonic generation results of other layered TMDs has not been reported. Furthermore, the reported $χ^{(2)

S. Banaeian Far, M. R. Alagheband

For many years, the pay-TV system has attracted a lot of users. Users have recently expressed the desire to use mobile TV or mobile payment via anonymous protocols. The mobile users have also received their services over cellular communications networks. Each mobile device receives services from each head end systems. With increasing numbers of users and the

Jianmo Ni, Chenguang Zhu, Weizhu Chen, Julian McAuley

Open-domain question answering remains a challenging task as it requires models that are capable of understanding questions and answers, collecting useful information, and reasoning over evidence. Previous work typically formulates this task as a reading comprehension or entailment problem given evidence retrieved from search engines. However, existing techn

Jiangning Chen

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used statistical procedures with a wide range of applications. Consider the points $X_1, X_2,..., X_n$ are vectors drawn i.i.d. from a distribution with mean zero and covariance $Σ$, where $Σ$ is unknown. Let $A_n = X_nX_n^T$, then $E[A_n] = Σ$. This paper consider the problem of finding the leas

Felipe García-Ramos, Ronnie Pavlov

We prove inequalities relating the measures of maximal entropy of two patterns u,v where the extender set of u is contained in the extender set of v. Our main results are two generalizations of a Theorem of Meyerovitch; the first applies to all such v,w when G=Z, and the second to v,w with the same shape and any countable amenable finitely generated torsion-

M. Coleman Miller, Cecilia Chirenti, Tod Strohmayer

The discovery of quasi-periodic brightness oscillations (QPOs) in the X-ray emission accompanying the giant flares of the soft gamma-ray repeaters SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 has led to intense speculation about their nature and what they might reveal about the interiors of neutron stars. Here we take a fresh look at the giant flare data for SGR 1806-20, and

Ivan Aidun, Frances Dean, Ralph Morrison, Teresa Yu

We compute the treewidth of a family of graphs we refer to as the glued grids, consisting of the stacked prism graphs and the toroidal grids. Our main technique is constructing strict brambles of large orders. We discuss connections to divisorial graph theory coming from tropical geometry, and use our results to compute the divisorial gonality of these graph

Jaehan Bae, Paola Pinilla, Tilman Birnstiel

Combining hydrodynamic planet-disk interaction simulations with dust evolution models, we show that protoplanetary disks having a giant planet can reveal diverse morphology in (sub-)millimeter continuum, including a full disk without significant radial structure, a transition disk with an inner cavity, a disk with a single gap and a central continuum peak, a

Akshay Suresh, James M. Cordes

Birefringence in ionized, magnetized media is usually measured as Faraday rotation of linearly polarized radiation. However, pulses propagating through regions with very large Faraday rotation measures (RMs) can split into circularly polarized components with measurable differences in arrival times $\propto ν^{-3}\, \rm RM$, where $ν$ is the radio frequency.

R. S. Gonçalves, R. P. Loreto, J. Borme, P. P. Freitas

Sets of nanomagnets are often utilized to mimic cellular automata in design of nanomagnetic logic devices or frustration and emergence of magnetic charges in artificial spin ice systems. in previous work we showed that unidirectional arrangement of nanomagnets can behave as artificial spin ice, with frustration arising from second neighbor dipolar interactio

Or Graur

The last decade has seen a proliferation of mentoring programs that provide high-school students authentic research experiences. Such programs expose students to front-line research, equip them with basic research skills (including coding skills), and introduce them to scientist role models. Mentors in such programs range from undergraduate students to facul

Florian U. Bernlochner, Zoltan Ligeti, Dean J. Robinson, William L. Sutcliffe

The heavy quark effective theory makes model independent predictions for semileptonic $Λ_b \to Λ_c$ decays in terms of a small set of parameters. No subleading Isgur-Wise function occurs at order $Λ_{\rm QCD}/m_{c,b}$, and only two sub-subleading functions enter at order $Λ_{\rm QCD}^2/m_c^2$. These features allow us to fit the form factors and decay rates c

Gemma de las Cuevas, Tobias Fritz, Tim Netzer

In many contexts one encounters Hermitian operators $M$ on a Hilbert space whose dimension is so large that it is impossible to write down all matrix entries in an orthonormal basis. How does one determine whether such $M$ is positive semidefinite? Here we approach this problem by deriving asymptotically optimal bounds to the distance to the positive semidef

John Terning, Christopher B. Verhaaren

We explore kinetic mixing between two Abelian gauge theories that have both electric and magnetic charges. When one of the photons becomes massive, novel effects arise in the low-energy effective theory, including the failure of Dirac charge quantization as particles from one sector obtain parametrically small couplings to the photon of the other. We maintai

Ara Go, Jun Jung, Eun-Gook Moon

We investigate signatures of topological quantum phase transitions (TQPTs) between the $Z_2$ quantum spin liquids (QSLs). In two spatial dimensions, $Z_2$ QSLs and their TQPTs are only well defined at zero temperature ($T=0$), and it is imperative to clarify their observable signatures under nonzero temperatures. Here, we present the vestiges of TQPTs betwee

Adrien Auriol, Sacha Davidson, Georg Raffelt

An absorption dip in the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background observed by the EDGES experiment suggests an unexplained reduction of the hydrogen spin temperature at cosmic redshift z ~ 17. The mass of dark-matter axions could correspond to the hyperfine splitting of 5.9 micro-eV, between the triplet (H1) and singlet (H0) state. We calculate the rate f

Wei Zhu

We study the influence of stellar metallicity on the fraction of stars with planets (i.e., the occurrence rate of planetary systems) and the average number of planets per star (i.e., the occurrence rate of planets). The former directly reveals the planet formation efficiency, whereas the latter reveals the final product of formation and evolution. We show th

C. Garraffo, J. J. Drake, J. D. Alvarado-Gomez, S. P. Moschou

One of the most important problems in the context of cataclysmic variables (CVs) is the lack of observations of systems with periods between 2 and 3.12 hours, known as the period gap. The orbital evolution of CVs with periods shorter than those in the gap is dominated by gravitational radiation while for periods exceeding those of the gap it is dominated by

Shang-Yu Su, Xiujun Li, Jianfeng Gao, Jingjing Liu

This paper presents a Discriminative Deep Dyna-Q (D3Q) approach to improving the effectiveness and robustness of Deep Dyna-Q (DDQ), a recently proposed framework that extends the Dyna-Q algorithm to integrate planning for task-completion dialogue policy learning. To obviate DDQ&#39;s high dependency on the quality of simulated experiences, we incorporate an

Yashar Akrami, Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde, Valeri Vardanyan

We review the advanced version of the KKLT construction and pure $d=4$ de Sitter supergravity, involving a nilpotent multiplet, with regard to various conjectures that de Sitter state cannot exist in string theory. We explain why we consider these conjectures problematic and not well motivated, and why the recently proposed alternative string theory models o

David Kazhdan, Tamar Ziegler

Let $k$ be a field, $V$ a $k$-vector space and $X$ be a subset of $V $. A function $f:X\to k$ is weakly polynomial of degree $\leq a$, if the restriction of $f$ on any affine subspace $L\subset X$ is a polynomial of degree $\leq a$. In this paper we consider the case when $X= \mathbb X (k)$ where $\mathbb X$ is a complete intersection of bounded codimension

Eveliina Peltola, Hao Wu

We prove that in the scaling limit, the crossing probabilities of multiple interfaces in the critical planar Ising model with alternating boundary conditions are conformally invariant expressions given by the pure partition functions of multiple SLE(κ) with κ=3. In particular, this identifies the scaling limits with ratios of specific correlation functions o

Yukun He, Antti Knowles, Matteo Marcozzi

We prove a local law for the adjacency matrix of the Erdős-Rényi graph $G(N, p)$ in the supercritical regime $ pN \geq C\log N$ where $G(N,p)$ has with high probability no isolated vertices. In the same regime, we also prove the complete delocalization of the eigenvectors. Both results are false in the complementary subcritical regime. Our result improves th

Yukun He, Antti Knowles

We investigate to what extent the microscopic Wigner-Gaudin-Mehta-Dyson (WGMD) (or sine kernel) statistics of random matrix theory remain valid on mesoscopic scales. To that end, we compute the connected two-point spectral correlation function of a Wigner matrix at two mesoscopically separated points. In the mesoscopic regime, density correlations are much w

Igor R. Klebanov, Fedor Popov, Grigory Tarnopolsky

The first part of these lecture notes is mostly devoted to a comparative discussion of the three basic large $N$ limits, which apply to fields which are vectors, matrices, or tensors of rank three and higher. After a brief review of some physical applications of large $N$ limits, we present a few solvable examples in zero space-time dimension. Using models w

Konstantin Matetski

We define multiple stochastic integrals with respect to càdlàg martingales and prove moment bounds and chaos expansions, which allow to work with them in a way similar to Wiener stochastic integrals. In combination with the discretization framework of Erhard and Hairer (2017), our results give a tool for proving convergence of interacting particle systems to

Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde, Evan McDonough, Marco Scalisi

We study the arguments given in [1] which suggest that the uplifting procedure in the KKLT construction is not valid. First we show that the modification of the SUSY breaking sector of the nilpotent superfield, as proposed in [1], is not consistent with non-linearly realized local supersymmetry of de Sitter supergravity. Keeping this issue aside, we also sho

Renata Kallosh, Timm Wrase

We consider flux compactification of type II string theory with local sources on SU(3)-structure manifolds. By adding pseudo-calibrated anti-$Dp$-branes wrapped on supersymmetric cycles we generalize all existing models so that the effective $d=4,$ ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity now includes a nilpotent multiplet. We present a new dictionary between string theory

W. M. Li, J. F. Zhao, L. P. Cao, Z. Hu

The mechanism of superconductivity in cuprates remains one of the big challenges of condensed matter physics.High Tc cuprates crystallize into layered perovskite structure featuring copper oxygen octahedral coordination. Due to the Jahn Teller effect in combination with the strong static Coulomb interaction, the octahedra in high Tc cuprates are elongated al

Bin Han

The Gibbs phenomenon is widely known for Fourier expansions of periodic functions and refers to the phenomenon that the $n$th Fourier partial sums overshoot a target function at jump discontinuities in such a way that such overshoots do not die out as $n$ goes to infinity. The Gibbs phenomenon for wavelet expansions using (bi)orthogonal wavelets has been stu

Luca E. Schäfer, Tobias Dietz, Nicolas Fröhlich, Stefan Ruzika

We investigate the single-source-single-destination &#34;shortest&#34; paths problem in acyclic graphs with ordinal weighted arc costs. We define the concepts of ordinal dominance and efficiency for paths and their associated ordinal levels, respectively. Further, we show that the number of ordinally non-dominated paths vectors from the source node to every

Zi Lin, Yuguang Duan, Yuanyuan Zhao, Weiwei Sun

This paper studies semantic parsing for interlanguage (L2), taking semantic role labeling (SRL) as a case task and learner Chinese as a case language. We first manually annotate the semantic roles for a set of learner texts to derive a gold standard for automatic SRL. Based on the new data, we then evaluate three off-the-shelf SRL systems, i.e., the PCFGLA-p

Vittorio Bilò, Ioannis Caragiannis, Michele Flammini, Ayumi Igarashi

We study the existence of allocations of indivisible goods that are envy-free up to one good (EF1), under the additional constraint that each bundle needs to be connected in an underlying item graph. If the graph is a path and the utility functions are monotonic over bundles, we show the existence of EF1 allocations for at most four agents, and the existence

Qingze Lin

When the weight $μ$ is more general than normal, the complete characterizations in terms of the symbol $g$ and weights for the conditions of the boundedness and compactness of $T_g: H^{\infty}_ν\rightarrow H^{\infty}_μ$ and $S_g: H^{\infty}_ν\rightarrow H^{\infty}_μ$ are still unknown. Smith et al. firstly gave the sufficient and necessary conditions for the

Oscar Ávalos-Ovando, Diego Mastrogiuseppe, Sergio E. Ulloa

We study in-plane lateral heterostructures of commensurate transition-metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS$_{2}$-WS$_{2}$ and MoSe$_{2}$-WSe$_{2}$, and find interfacial and edge states that are highly localized to these regions of the heterostructure. These are one-dimensional (1D) in nature, lying within the bandgap of the bulk structure and exhibiting comple

Artuur Leeuwenberg, Marie-Francine Moens

The current leading paradigm for temporal information extraction from text consists of three phases: (1) recognition of events and temporal expressions, (2) recognition of temporal relations among them, and (3) time-line construction from the temporal relations. In contrast to the first two phases, the last phase, time-line construction, received little atte

Hassan Arbabi, Igor Mezić

The classical Prandtl-Batchelor theorem (Prandtl 1904; Batchelor 1956) states that in the regions of steady 2D flow where viscous forces are small and streamlines are closed, the vorticity is constant. In this paper, we extend this theorem to recirculating flows with quasi-periodic time dependence using ergodic and geometric analysis of Lagrangian dynamics.

V. Reimer, M. R. Wegewijs

We study the reduced time-evolution of open quantum systems by combining quantum-information and statistical field theory. Inspired by prior work [EPL 102, 60001 (2013) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 050402 (2013)] we establish the explicit structure guaranteeing the complete positivity (CP) and trace-preservation (TP) of the real-time evolution expansion in term

Xiangsheng Xu

In this paper we study a crystal surface model first proposed by H.~Al Hajj Shehadeh, R.V.~Kohn, and J.~Weare (2011 Physica D, 240,1771-1784). By seeking a solution of a particular function form, we are led to a boundary value problem for a fourth-order nonlinear elliptic equation. The mathematical challenge of the problem is due to the fact that the degener

J. Dalseno

I propose an alternative method for measuring the $CP$ violating phase $ϕ_2$ ($α$) without ambiguity in an extended SU(2) isospin triangle analysis, which can ultimately be achieved by exploiting interference effects between $B^0 \to ρ^0 ρ^0$ and $B^0 \to a_1^\pm π^\mp$ in a time-dependent flavour-tagged amplitude analysis. Under certain assumptions on the e

Huanchen Bao, Weiqiang Wang, Hideya Watanabe

We generalize a construction in [BW18] (arXiv:1610.09271) by showing that the tensor product of a based $\textbf{U}^{\imath}$-module and a based $\textbf{U}$-module is a based $\textbf{U}^{\imath}$-module. This is then used to formulate a Kazhdan-Lusztig theory for an arbitrary parabolic BGG category $\mathcal{O}$ of the ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebras, e

Anjalie Field, Doron Kliger, Shuly Wintner, Jennifer Pan

Amidst growing concern over media manipulation, NLP attention has focused on overt strategies like censorship and &#34;fake news&#39;&#34;. Here, we draw on two concepts from the political science literature to explore subtler strategies for government media manipulation: agenda-setting (selecting what topics to cover) and framing (deciding how topics are co

K. B. Alkalaev, Alexander Chekmenev, Maxim Grigoriev

We propose a unified BRST formulation of general massless fermionic fields of arbitrary mixed-symmetry type in $d$-dimensional Minkowski space. Depending on the value of the real parameter the system describes either helicity fields or continuous spin fields. Starting with the unified formulation we derive a number of equivalent descriptions including the tr

Josselin Garnier, Knut Solna

Oil price data have a complicated multi-scale structure that may vary with time. We use time-frequency analysis to identify the main features of these variations and, in particular, the regime shifts. The analysis is based on a wavelet-based decomposition and analysis of the associated scale spectrum. The joint estimation of the local Hurst exponent and vola

Sergey Edunov, Myle Ott, Michael Auli, David Grangier

An effective method to improve neural machine translation with monolingual data is to augment the parallel training corpus with back-translations of target language sentences. This work broadens the understanding of back-translation and investigates a number of methods to generate synthetic source sentences. We find that in all but resource poor settings bac

John Armstrong, Claudio Bellani, Damiano Brigo, Thomas Cass

We describe the pricing and hedging of financial options without the use of probability using rough paths. By encoding the volatility of assets in an enhancement of the price trajectory, we give a pathwise presentation of the replication of European options. The continuity properties of rough-paths allow us to generalise the so-called fundamental theorem of

Pei-Hong Gu, Hong-Jian He

The seesaw and leptogenesis commonly depend on the masses of same particles, and thus are both realized at the same scale. In this work, we demonstrate a new possibility to realize a TeV-scale neutrino seesaw and a natural high-scale leptogenesis. We extend the standard model by two gauge-singlet scalars, a vector-like iso-doublet fermion and one iso-triplet

Kengo Kato, Yuya Sasaki, Takuya Ura

Kotlarski&#39;s identity has been widely used in applied economic research. However, how to conduct inference based on this popular identification approach has been an open question for two decades. This paper addresses this open problem by constructing a novel confidence band for the density function of a latent variable in repeated measurement error model.

Justin Sirignano, Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

We rigorously prove a central limit theorem for neural network models with a single hidden layer. The central limit theorem is proven in the asymptotic regime of simultaneously (A) large numbers of hidden units and (B) large numbers of stochastic gradient descent training iterations. Our result describes the neural network&#39;s fluctuations around its mean-

Silvia Frassu, Antonio Iannizzotto

We consider the weighted eigenvalue problem for a general non-local pseudo-differential operator, depending on a bounded weight function. For such problem, we prove that strict (decreasing) monotonicity of the eigenvalues with respect to the weight function is equivalent to the unique continuation property of eigenfunctions. In addition, we discuss some uniq

Alberto Mario Maiocchi

We study the exchange of energy between the modes of the optical branch and those of the acoustic one in a diatomic chain of particles, with masses $m_1$ and $m_2$. We prove that, at small temperature and provided $m_1\gg m_2$, for the majority of the initial data the energy of each branch is approximately constant for times of order $β^{S/2}$, where $S=\lfl

Yiannis Sakellaridis

According to the Langlands functoriality conjecture, broadened to the setting of spherical varieties (of which reductive groups are special cases), a map between L-groups of spherical varieties should give rise to a functorial transfer of their local and automorphic spectra. The &#34;Beyond Endoscopy&#34; proposal predicts that this transfer will be realized

Louis Bonthrone, Weiyi Zhang

We study the relation between $J$-anti-invariant $2$-forms and pseudoholomorphic curves in this paper. We show the zero set of a closed $J$-anti-invariant $2$-form on an almost complex $4$-manifold supports a $J$-holomorphic subvariety in the canonical class. This confirms a conjecture of Draghici-Li-Zhang. A higher dimensional analogue is established. We al

G. R. Harp, Jon Richards, Peter Jenniskens, Seth Shostak

Note: This is a revised version of the paper that _corrects_a_calculation_error in translating observed Jansky units to EIRP in Watts. Mistakes are labeled below. Motivated by the hypothesis that Oumuamua could conceivably be an interstellar probe, we used the Allen Telescope Array to search for radio transmissions that would indicate a non-natural origin fo

Morgan Gallant, Haruna Isah, Farhana Zulkernine, Shahzad Khan

The exponential growth of information on the Internet is a big challenge for information retrieval systems towards generating relevant results. Novel approaches are required to reformat or expand user queries to generate a satisfactory response and increase recall and precision. Query expansion (QE) is a technique to broaden users&#39; queries by introducing

Shunyu Yao, Tzu Ming Harry Hsu, Jun-Yan Zhu, Jiajun Wu

We aim to obtain an interpretable, expressive, and disentangled scene representation that contains comprehensive structural and textural information for each object. Previous scene representations learned by neural networks are often uninterpretable, limited to a single object, or lacking 3D knowledge. In this work, we propose 3D scene de-rendering networks

H. Chau Nguyen, Huy-Viet Nguyen, Otfried Gühne

Correlations between distant particles are central to many puzzles and paradoxes of quantum mechanics and, at the same time, underpin various applications like quantum cryptography and metrology. Originally in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) used these correlations to argue against the completeness of quantum mechanics. To formalise their argument,

Hemza Azri

We propose an approach to induced gravity, or Sakharov&#39;s &#34;metrical elasticity&#34;, which requires only an affine spacetime that accommodates scalar fields. The setup provides the induction of metric gravity from a &#34;pure affine&#34; action, and it is established in two possible ways: (i) at the classical level, Einstein-Hilbert action arises with

Chao Chen, Zhihong Chen, Boyuan Jiang, Xinyu Jin

Recently, considerable effort has been devoted to deep domain adaptation in computer vision and machine learning communities. However, most of existing work only concentrates on learning shared feature representation by minimizing the distribution discrepancy across different domains. Due to the fact that all the domain alignment approaches can only reduce,

Gabriel Berzunza, Anja Sturm, Anita Winter

In this work we model the dynamics of a population that evolves as a continuous time branching process with a trait structure and ecological interactions in form of mutations and competition between individuals. We generalize existing microscopic models by allowing individuals to have multiple offspring at a reproduction event. Furthermore, we allow the repr

Vsevolod Gubarev

With the help of Rota-Baxter operators and the Groebner-Shirshov bases, we prove that any pre-Lie algebra injectively embeds into its universal enveloping preassociative algebra.

Lutz Duembgen, Alexandre Moesching, Christof Straehl

In many instances, imposing a constraint on the shape of a density is a reasonable and flexible assumption. It offers an alternative to parametric models which can be too rigid and to other nonparametric methods requiring the choice of tuning parameters. This paper treats the nonparametric estimation of log-concave or log-convex density ratios by means of ac

M. Faccioli, L. Salasnich

Recent advances in cooling techniques make now possible the experimental study of quantum phase transitions, which are transitions near absolute zero temperature accessed by varying a control parameter. A paradigmatic example is the superfluid-Mott transition of interacting bosons on a periodic lattice. From the relativistic Ginzburg-Landau action of this su

A. Martín-Ruiz, M. Cambiaso, L. F. Urrutia

We explore a model akin to axion electrodynamics in which the axion field $θ(t,\mathbf{x})$ rather than being dynamical is a piecewise constant effective parameter $θ$ encoding the microscopic properties of the medium inasmuch as its permittivity or permeability, defining what we call a $θ$-medium. This model describes a large class of phenomena, among which

Biplab Pal

We present the appearance of nearly flat band states with nonzero Chern numbers in a two-dimensional &#34;diamond-octagon&#34; lattice model comprising two kinds of elementary plaquette geometries, diamond and octagon, respectively. We show that the origin of such nontrivial topological nearly flat bands can be described by a short-ranged tight-binding Hamil

Sebastian Ruder, Ryan Cotterell, Yova Kementchedjhieva, Anders Søgaard

We introduce a novel discriminative latent variable model for bilingual lexicon induction. Our model combines the bipartite matching dictionary prior of Haghighi et al. (2008) with a representation-based approach (Artetxe et al., 2017). To train the model, we derive an efficient Viterbi EM algorithm. We provide empirical results on six language pairs under t

Dongyeop Kang, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Peter Clark

Most textual entailment models focus on lexical gaps between the premise text and the hypothesis, but rarely on knowledge gaps. We focus on filling these knowledge gaps in the Science Entailment task, by leveraging an external structured knowledge base (KB) of science facts. Our new architecture combines standard neural entailment models with a knowledge loo

Duc-Manh Nguyen

For every half-translation surface with marked points $(M,Σ)$, we construct an associated tessellation $Π(M,Σ)$ of the Poincaré upper half plane whose tiles have finitely many sides and area at most $π$. The tessellation $Π(M,Σ)$ is equivariant with respect to the action of $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})$, and invariant with respect to (half-)translation coveri

Dragi Anevski, Vladimir Pastukhov

In this paper we propose an estimator of the distribution of events of different kinds in a homogeneous Poisson process. We give an explicit solution for the maximum likelihood estimator of the distribution and derive its strong consistency and asymptotic normality. We also provide an order restricted estimator of the distribution and derive its consistency

Marco Hufnagel, Kai Schmidt-Hoberg, Sebastian Wild

Meta-stable dark sector particles decaying into electrons or photons may non-trivially change the Hubble rate, lead to entropy injection into the thermal bath of Standard Model particles and may also photodisintegrate light nuclei formed in the early universe. We study generic constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis on such a setup, with a particular empha

James M. Salter, Daniel B. Williamson, Lauren J. Gregoire, Tamsin L. Edwards

Ice sheet models are used to study the deglaciation of North America at the end of the last ice age (past 21,000 years), so that we might understand whether and how existing ice sheets may reduce or disappear under climate change. Though ice sheet models have a few parameters controlling physical behaviour of the ice mass, they also require boundary conditio

Edoardo Fertitta, George H. Booth

The dynamical fluctuations in approaches such as dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) allow for the self-consistent optimization of a local fragment, hybridized with a true correlated environment. We show that these correlated environmental fluctuations can instead be efficiently captured in a wave function perspective in a computationally cheap, frequency-ind

Clare Wickman, Kasso Okoudjou

In this paper we bring together some of the key ideas and methods of two disparate fields of mathematical research, frame theory and optimal transport, using the methods of the second to answer questions posed in the first. In particular, we construct gradient flows in the Wasserstein space $P_2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ for a new potential, the tightness potential, wh

Polina Rozenshtein, Francesco Bonchi, Aristides Gionis, Mauro Sozio

In this paper we study the problem of discovering a timeline of events in a temporal network. We model events as dense subgraphs that occur within intervals of network activity. We formulate the event-discovery task as an optimization problem, where we search for a partition of the network timeline into k non-overlapping intervals, such that the intervals sp

István Sárándi, Timm Linder, Kai O. Arras, Bastian Leibe

Occlusion is commonplace in realistic human-robot shared environments, yet its effects are not considered in standard 3D human pose estimation benchmarks. This leaves the question open: how robust are state-of-the-art 3D pose estimation methods against partial occlusions? We study several types of synthetic occlusions over the Human3.6M dataset and find a me

Hart Goldman, Eduardo Fradkin

Motivated by the appearance of a `reflection symmetry&#39; in transport experiments and the absence of statistical periodicity in relativistic quantum field theories, we propose a series of relativistic composite fermion theories for the compressible states appearing at filling fractions $ν=1/2n$ in quantum Hall systems. These theories consist of electricall

E. S. Moreira

This paper investigates further how the presence of a single reflecting plane wall modifies the usual Planckian forms in the thermodynamics of the massless scalar radiation in $N$-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. This is done in a rather unconventional way by integrating the energy density over space to obtain the internal energy and from that the Helmholtz

László Tóth

By considering even functions (mod $n$) we generalize a Menon-type identity by Li and Kim involving additive characters of the group ${\Bbb Z}_n$. We use a different approach, based on certain convolutional identities. Some other applications, including related formulas for Ramanujan sums, are discussed, as well.

Alexander A. Davydov, Stefano Marcugini, Fernanda Pambianco

The length function $\ell_q(r,R)$ is the smallest length of a $ q $-ary linear code of codimension $r$ and covering radius $R$. In this work we obtain new constructive upper bounds on $\ell_q(r,R)$ for all $R\ge4$, $r=tR$, $t\ge2$, and also for all even $R\ge2$, $r=tR+\frac{R}{2}$, $t\ge1$. The new bounds are provided by infinite families of new covering cod

Zhi-Gang Wang

In this article, we study the doubly heavy baryon states and pentaquark states with the QCD sum rules by carrying out the operator product expansion up to the vacuum condensates of dimension $7$ and $13$ respectively in a consistent way. In calculations, we separate the contributions of the negative parity and positive parity hadron states unambiguously, and

Peng Zhang, Zhan Su, Lipeng Zhang, Benyou Wang

The recently proposed quantum language model (QLM) aimed at a principled approach to modeling term dependency by applying the quantum probability theory. The latest development for a more effective QLM has adopted word embeddings as a kind of global dependency information and integrated the quantum-inspired idea in a neural network architecture. While these

Kengo Miyamoto

Let $\mathcal{O}$ be a complete discrete valuation ring, $\mathcal{K}$ its quotient field, and $A$ the symmetric Kronecker algebra over $\mathcal{O}$. We consider the full subcategory of the category of $A$-lattices whose objects are $A$-lattices $M$ such that $M\otimes_{\mathcal{O}}\mathcal{K}$ is projective $A\otimes_{\mathcal{O}}\mathcal{K}$-modules. In t

Felix Sefkow, Frank Simon

The Analogue Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) developed by the CALICE collaboration is a scalable engineering prototype for a Linear Collider detector. It is a sampling calorimeter of steel absorber plates and plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as active material (SiPM-on-tile). The front-end chips are integrated into the activ

Gesualdo Delfino, Walter Selke, Alessio Squarcini

We study the spontaneously broken phase of the $XY$ model in three dimensions, with boundary conditions enforcing the presence of a vortex line. Comparing Monte Carlo and field theoretic determinations of the magnetization and energy density profiles, we numerically determine the mass of the vortex particle in the underlying $O(2)$-invariant quantum field th

Alexander Gomilko, Łukasz Rzepnicki

The main focus of this paper is the following matrix Cauchy problem for the Dirac system on the interval $[0,1]:$ \[ D&#39;(x)+\left[\begin{array}{cc} 0 & σ_1(x)\\ σ_2(x) & 0 \end{array} \right] D(x)=iμ\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0\\ 0 &-1 \end{array} \right]D(x),\quad D(0)=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right], \] where $μ\in\mathbb{C}$ i

László B Szabados, Paul Tod

A review is given of the various approaches to and expressions for total energy-momentum and mass in the presence of a positive cosmological constant in Einstein&#39;s field equations, together with a discussion of the key conceptual questions, main ideas and techniques behind them.

Heung-Sik Kim, David Vanderbilt, Kristjan Haule

Transition metal phosphorous trichalcogenides, $M{\rm P}X_3$ ($M$ and $X$ being transition metal and chalcogen elements respectively), have been the focus of substantial interest recently because of their possible magnetism in the two-dimensional limit. Here we investigate material properties of the compounds with $M$ = Mn and Ni employing $\textit{ab-initio

Yuhao Fu, David J. Singh

We find that the recently developed self consistent and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-generalized gradient approximation, which has been found to provide highly accurate results for many materials, is, however, not able to describe the stability and properties of phases of Fe important for steel. This is due to an overestimated tendency towards magnetism

Kevin Keiler, Peter Schmelcher

We investigate the localization pattern of interacting impurities, which are trapped in a lattice potential and couple to a Bose gas. For small interspecies interaction strengths, the impurities populate the energetically lowest Bloch state or localize separately in different wells with one extra particle being delocalized over all the wells, depending on th

Jessica K. Eastman, Stuart S. Szigeti, Joseph J. Hope, André R. R. Carvalho

The continuous monitoring of a quantum system strongly influences the emergence of chaotic dynamics near the transition from the quantum regime to the classical regime. Here we present a feedback control scheme that uses adaptive measurement techniques to control the degree of chaos in the driven-damped quantum Duffing oscillator. This control relies purely

Yuan-Hsun Lo, Hung-Lin Fu, Yijin Zhang, Wing Shing Wong

For a connected graph $G$, an instance $I$ is a set of pairs of vertices and a corresponding routing $R$ is a set of paths specified for all vertex-pairs in $I$. Let $\mathfrak{R}_I$ be the collection of all routings with respect to $I$. The undirected optical index of $G$ with respect to $I$ refers to the minimum integer $k$ to guarantee the existence of a

Alireza Mohamaditabar, F. Taghavi-Shahri, Hamzeh Khanpour, Maryam Soleymaninia

In this paper, we present an extraction of the contribution from the &#34;{\it residual}&#34; light charged hadrons to the inclusive unidentified light charged hadron fragmentation functions (FFs) at next-to-leading (NLO) and, for the first time, at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy in perturbative QCD. Considering the contributions from charged