October 2023 arXiv papers — page 40

Xingchen Zhao, Niluthpol Chowdhury Mithun, Abhinav Rajvanshi, Han-Pang Chiu

Deep learning-based solutions for semantic segmentation suffer from significant performance degradation when tested on data with different characteristics than what was used during the training. Adapting the models using annotated data from the new domain is not always practical. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) approaches are crucial in deploying these

S M Atikur Rahman, Sifat Ibtisum, Ehsan Bazgir, Tumpa Barai

The global need for effective disease diagnosis remains substantial, given the complexities of various disease mechanisms and diverse patient symptoms. To tackle these challenges, researchers, physicians, and patients are turning to machine learning (ML), an artificial intelligence (AI) discipline, to develop solutions. By leveraging sophisticated ML and AI

Jyoti Krishna, Peio Garcia-Goiricelaya, Fernando de Juan, Julen Ibañez-Azpiroz

We study the similarities and differences in the shift photocurrent contribution to the bulk photovoltaic effect between transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers and nanotubes. Our analysis is based on density functional theory in combination with the Wannier interpolation technique for the calculation of the shift photoconductivity tensor. Our results sho

Ioannis Anagnostides, Tuomas Sandholm

Computational tractability and social welfare (aka. efficiency) of equilibria are two fundamental but in general orthogonal considerations in algorithmic game theory. Nevertheless, we show that when (approximate) full efficiency can be guaranteed via a smoothness argument \`a la Roughgarden, Nash equilibria are approachable under a family of no-regret learni

Zheyu Oliver Wang, Ricardo Baptista, Youssef Marzouk, Lars Ruthotto

We present two neural network approaches that approximate the solutions of static and dynamic $\unicode{x1D450}\unicode{x1D45C}\unicode{x1D45B}\unicode{x1D451}\unicode{x1D456}\unicode{x1D461}\unicode{x1D456}\unicode{x1D45C}\unicode{x1D45B}\unicode{x1D44E}\unicode{x1D459}\unicode{x0020}\unicode{x1D45C}\unicode{x1D45D}\unicode{x1D461}\unicode{x1D456}\unicode{x

E. N. Velloso, F. Anthony, J. D. do Nascimento, L. F. Q. Silveira

The temporal analysis of stellar activity evolution is usually dominated by a complex trade-off between model complexity and interpretability, often by neglecting the non-stationary nature of the process. Recent studies appear to indicate that the presence of multiple coexisting cycles in a single star is more common than previously thought. The correct iden

Subash Adhikari, Yan Yang, William H. Matthaeus, Paul A. Cassak

Previously, using an incompressible von K\'arm\'an-Howarth formalism, the behavior of cross-scale energy transfer in magnetic reconnection and turbulence was found to be essentially identical to each other, independent of an external magnetic (guide) field, in the inertial and energy-containing ranges (Adhikari et al., Phys. Plasmas 30, 082904, 2023). Howeve

Nafis Irtiza Tripto, Mohammed Eunus Ali

Analyzing the writing styles of authors and articles is a key to supporting various literary analyses such as author attribution and genre detection. Over the years, rich sets of features that include stylometry, bag-of-words, n-grams have been widely used to perform such analysis. However, the effectiveness of these features largely depends on the linguisti

Esteban Calzetta, Mariano Franco

We present a fully coherent, analytic model of the backscattering intensity in all HH, HV, VH and VV channels, for the volume scattering of radiation from a layer of finite thickness, such as a vegetation layer over bare soil. We aim for a simple, not numerically intensive model which could be used either as forward model in a Bayesian estimation scheme, or

Yayi Fu

Using techniques in \cite{chudnovsky2023erdHos} and substitution in \cite{alon2001ramsey}, we show that there is $\epsilon>0$ such that for any graph $G$ with VC-dimension $\leq 2$, $G$ has a clique or an anti-clique of size $\geq |G|^\epsilon$. We also show that Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal property of VC-dimension $1$ graphs can be proved using $\delta$-dimension tech

Jessica McClearn, Rikke Bjerg Jensen, Reem Talhouk

In this paper we bring to light the infrastructuring work carried out by people in Lebanon to establish and maintain everyday security in response to multiple simultaneously failing infrastructures. We do so through interviews with 13 participants from 12 digital and human rights organisations and two weeks of ethnographically informed fieldwork in Beirut, L

Nafis Irtiza Tripto, Mohammed Eunus Ali

Social structures and real-world incidents often influence contemporary literary fiction. Existing research in literary fiction analysis explains these real-world phenomena through the manual critical analysis of stories. Conventional Natural Language Processing (NLP) methodologies, including sentiment analysis, narrative summarization, and topic modeling, h

Francesco Giovanni Celiberto, Luigi Delle Rose, Michael Fucilla, Gabriele Gatto

We report progress on the study of the inclusive semi-hard hadroproduction of a Higgs+jet system at LHC and FCC collision energies. We describe a prototype matching procedure aimed at combining NLO fixed-order computations via POWHEG, with the NLL resummation of energy logarithms from JETHAD. We present preliminary analyses on assessing the weight of systema

Marcus Michelen, Sean O'Rourke

For each $\alpha \in (0, 1)$, we construct a bounded monotone deterministic sequence $(c_k)_{k \geq 0}$ of real numbers so that the number of real roots of the random polynomial $f_n(z) = \sum_{k=0}^n c_k \varepsilon_k z^k$ is $n^{\alpha + o(1)}$ with probability tending to one as the degree $n$ tends to infinity, where $(\varepsilon_k)$ is a sequence of i.i

Nick Gorkavyi

Three principal concepts regarding lunar formation have been examined: the accretion hypothesis, the mega-impact theory, and the multi-impact model. The multi-impact model amalgamates the salient facets of the mega-impact theory and the accretion hypothesis. As per this model, fragments of the terrestrial crust are ejected into space during collisions with n

Mateusz Lango, Ondřej Dušek

Hallucination of text ungrounded in the input is a well-known problem in neural data-to-text generation. Many methods have been proposed to mitigate it, but they typically require altering model architecture or collecting additional data, and thus cannot be easily applied to an existing model. In this paper, we explore a new way to mitigate hallucinations by

PJ Apruzzese, Kevin Cong

The \emph{Markov numbers} are positive integers appearing as solutions to the Diophantine equation $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3xyz$. These numbers are very well-studied and have many combinatorial properties, as well as being the source of the long-standing unicity conjecture. In 2018, \c{C}anak\c{c}{\i} and Schiffler showed that the Markov number $m_{\frac{a}{b}}$

Yayi Fu

Inspired by Adler's idea on VC minimal theories \cite{adler2008theories}, we introduce VC-minimal complexity. We show that for any $N\in\mathbb{N}^{>0}$, there is $k_N>0$ such that for any finite bipartite graph $(X,Y;E)$ with VC-minimal complexity $< N$, there exist $X'\subseteq X$, $Y'\subseteq Y$ with $|X'|\geq k_N |X|$, $|Y'|\geq k_N |Y|$ such that $X'\t

Ezgi Ozyilkan, Johannes Ballé, Elza Erkip

We consider lossy compression of an information source when the decoder has lossless access to a correlated one. This setup, also known as the Wyner-Ziv problem, is a special case of distributed source coding. To this day, practical approaches for the Wyner-Ziv problem have neither been fully developed nor heavily investigated. We propose a data-driven metho

Fan Wu, Huseyin A. Inan, Arturs Backurs, Varun Chandrasekaran

Positioned between pre-training and user deployment, aligning large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a prevailing strategy for training instruction following-models such as ChatGPT. In this work, we initiate the study of privacy-preserving alignment of LLMs through Differential Privacy (DP) in conjunction with RL. Fol

Ananth Balashankar, Xiao Ma, Aradhana Sinha, Ahmad Beirami

As large language models (LLMs) are widely adopted, new safety issues and policies emerge, to which existing safety classifiers do not generalize well. If we have only observed a few examples of violations of a new safety rule, how can we build a classifier to detect violations? In this paper, we study the novel setting of domain-generalized few-shot learnin

Pei Zhang, Logan Kearney, Debsindhu Bhowmik, Zachary Fox

Transformer-based large language models have remarkable potential to accelerate design optimization for applications such as drug development and materials discovery. Self-supervised pretraining of transformer models requires large-scale datasets, which are often sparsely populated in topical areas such as polymer science. State-of-the-art approaches for pol

Hugo U. R. Strand, Joseph Kleinhenz, Igor Krivenko

The inchworm expansion is a promising approach to solving strongly correlated quantum impurity models due to its reduction of the sign problem in real and imaginary time. However, inchworm Monte Carlo is computationally expensive, converging as $1/\sqrt{N}$ where $N$ is the number of samples. We show that the imaginary time integration is amenable to quasi M

Ayah Ahmad, Christopher Graziul, Margaret Beale Spencer

With policing coming under greater scrutiny in recent years, researchers have begun to more thoroughly study the effects of contact between police and minority communities. Despite data archives of hundreds of thousands of recorded Broadcast Police Communications (BPC) being openly available to the public, a closer look at a large-scale analysis of the langu

Aradhana Sinha, Ananth Balashankar, Ahmad Beirami, Thi Avrahami

Real-world natural language processing systems need to be robust to human adversaries. Collecting examples of human adversaries for training is an effective but expensive solution. On the other hand, training on synthetic attacks with small perturbations - such as word-substitution - does not actually improve robustness to human adversaries. In this paper, w

Fabi Prezja, Leevi Annala, Sampsa Kiiskinen, Suvi Lahtinen

In routine colorectal cancer management, histologic samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin are commonly used. Nonetheless, their potential for defining objective biomarkers for patient stratification and treatment selection is still being explored. The current gold standard relies on expensive and time-consuming genetic tests. However, recent research hi

Jinyue Luo

We show that a pseudorepresentation $\textbf{D}\colon A[G] \to A$ of a (finite) group $G$ need not arise from a genuine representation, even if one is allowed to extend the ring $A$. This shows that a theorem of the "embedding problem" for residually multiplicity free pseudorepresentations can not be extended to the general setting.

N. A. Carella

This note presents new results for the squarefree value sets of quartic polynomials over the integers.

Babak Hemmatian, Razan Baltaji, Lav R. Varshney

Abid et al. (2021) showed a tendency in GPT-3 to generate mostly violent completions when prompted about Muslims, compared with other religions. Two pre-registered replication attempts found few violent completions and only a weak anti-Muslim bias in the more recent InstructGPT, fine-tuned to eliminate biased and toxic outputs. However, more pre-registered e

Aviv Adler, Ayah Ahmad, Yulei Qiu, Shengyin Wang

This paper addresses the "Teenager's Problem": efficiently removing scattered garments from a planar surface into a basket. As grasping and transporting individual garments is highly inefficient, we propose policies to select grasp locations for multiple garments using an overhead camera. Our core approach is segment-based, which uses segmentation on the ove

Euclid Collaboration, T. Castro, S. Borgani, M. Costanzi

The Euclid photometric survey of galaxy clusters stands as a powerful cosmological tool, with the capacity to significantly propel our understanding of the Universe. Despite being sub-dominant to dark matter and dark energy, the baryonic component in our Universe holds substantial influence over the structure and mass of galaxy clusters. This paper presents

Changping Fan, Zhiyu Liu, Songtao Kenneth Ma

Let $X$ be a cubic threefold, quartic double solid or Gushel--Mukai threefold, and $\mathcal{K}u(X)\subset \mathrm{D}^b(X)$ be its Kuznetsov component. We show that a stability condition $\sigma$ on $\mathcal{K}u(X)$ is Serre-invariant if and only if its homological dimension is at most $2$. As a corollary, we prove that all Serre-invariant stability conditi

Mahir Bilen Can

In this article, we present a novel theory of locally semialgebraic superspaces along with Nash supermanifolds. By adapting Batchelor's theorem to our framework, we show that all locally semialgebraic superspaces and affine Nash supermanifolds can be derived from appropriate vector bundles. Our analysis of Nash supermanifolds involves an investigation of a t

Luca V. Delacretaz

The local equilibration time of quantum many-body systems has been conjectured to satisfy a `Planckian bound', $\tau_{\rm eq}\gtrsim \frac{\hbar}{T}$. We provide a sharp and universal definition of this time scale, and show that it is bounded below by the strong coupling scale of diffusive fluctuations, which can be expressed in terms of familiar transport p

Miguel Berasategui, Pablo M. Berná, Hung Viet Chu

It is known that a basis is almost greedy if and only if the thresholding greedy algorithm gives essentially the smallest error term compared to errors from projections onto intervals or in other words, consecutive terms of $\mathbb{N}$. In this paper, we fix a sequence $(a_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ and compare the TGA against projections onto consecutive terms of th

Habeel Alam, Nauman Zafar Butt

Spatial-temporal sharing of sunlight between solar modules and crops needs to be designed optimally in agrivoltaics (AV). For AV with fixed module tilts, the sunlight balance is governed through the spatial density and elevation of the modules which cannot be manipulated after the installation. For flexible food-energy balancing across various seasons and cr

Hui Lan, Vasilis Syrgkanis

Accurate estimation of conditional average treatment effects (CATE) is at the core of personalized decision making. While there is a plethora of models for CATE estimation, model selection is a nontrivial task, due to the fundamental problem of causal inference. Recent empirical work provides evidence in favor of proxy loss metrics with double robust propert

Lewis Tunstall, Edward Beeching, Nathan Lambert, Nazneen Rajani

We aim to produce a smaller language model that is aligned to user intent. Previous research has shown that applying distilled supervised fine-tuning (dSFT) on larger models significantly improves task accuracy; however, these models are unaligned, i.e. they do not respond well to natural prompts. To distill this property, we experiment with the use of prefe

Megan Reiter, Thomas J. Haworth, Carlo F. Manara, Suzanne Ramsay

Protostellar jets and outflows are signposts of active star formation. In H II regions, molecular tracers like CO only reveal embedded portions of the outflow. Outside the natal cloud, outflows are dissociated, ionized, and eventually completely ablated, leaving behind only the high-density jet core. Before this process is complete, there should be a phase w

A. V. Kuzin

There are X-ray pulsating sources that are explained by accretion from disks around neutron stars. Such disks deserve a detailed analysis. In particular, the dipole magnetic field of the central star may penetrate the disk, giving rise to an induced magnetic field inside the disk due to the frozen-in condition. The growth of the induced field can be limited

Connor Mattson, Jeremy C. Clark, Daniel S. Brown

We study the problem of determining the emergent behaviors that are possible given a functionally heterogeneous swarm of robots with limited capabilities. Prior work has considered behavior search for homogeneous swarms and proposed the use of novelty search over either a hand-specified or learned behavior space followed by clustering to return a taxonomy of

Ben Adcock, Nick Dexter, Sebastian Moraga

Infinite-dimensional, holomorphic functions have been studied in detail over the last several decades, due to their relevance to parametric differential equations and computational uncertainty quantification. The approximation of such functions from finitely many samples is of particular interest, due to the practical importance of constructing surrogate mod

Ayaki Sunaga, Yuiki Takahashi, Amar Vutha, Yoshiro Takahashi

We propose a scheme to measure a nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment (MQM), a CP-violating electromagnetic moment that appears in the nuclear sector, using the long-lived $^3P_2$ metastable state in neutral $^{173}$Yb atoms. Laser-cooling and trapping techniques enable us to prepare ultracold $^{173}$Yb atoms in the $^3P_2$ state trapped in an optical lattice

Jesse Vos, Jordy Davelaar, Hector Olivares, Christiaan Brinkerink

Sagittarius A$^\ast$ is a compact radio source at the center of the Milky Way that has not conclusively shown evidence for the presence of a relativistic jet. Nevertheless, indirect methods at radio frequencies do indicate consistent outflow signatures. Temporal shifts between features in frequency bands are known as time lags, associated with flares or outf

Razan Baltaji, Saurabh Pujar, Louis Mandel, Martin Hirzel

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various software engineering tasks, including error detection, clone detection, and code translation, primarily leveraging high-resource programming languages like Python and Java. However, many critical languages, such as COBOL, as well as emerging languages, such as Rust and Swift,

Yasmine Mustafa, Tie Luo

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder impacting a large aging population. Detecting AD in all its presymptomatic and symptomatic stages is crucial for early intervention and treatment. An active research direction is to explore machine learning methods that harness multimodal data fusion to outperform human inspe

Gerald E. Marsh

There are no known analytic solutions to the force-free magnetic field equations in coordinates representing Dupin cyclides. The fact that the curvature lines of Dupin cyclides are all circles is used here to derive a force-free magnetic field on the surface of an elliptic Dupin cyclide.

Cecilia Herrero, Ludovic Berthier

We propose a computational strategy to quantify the temperature evolution of the timescales and lengthscales over which dynamic facilitation affects the relaxation dynamics of glass-forming liquids at low temperatures, that requires no assumption about the nature of the dynamics. In two glass models, we find that dynamic facilitation depends strongly on temp

Licheng Zhang, J. S. Lord, A. J. Drew

Muon spin spectroscopy and in particular the avoid level crossing (ALC) technique is a sensitive probe of electron spin relaxation (eSR) in organic semiconductors. In complex ALC spectra, eSR can be challenging to extract, as it requires the modelling of overlapping ALCs, where covariance between parameters can result in significant uncertainties. Here we de

Omar Al-Ghattas, Jiaheng Chen, Daniel Sanz-Alonso, Nathan Waniorek

This paper investigates covariance operator estimation via thresholding. For Gaussian random fields with approximately sparse covariance operators, we establish non-asymptotic bounds on the estimation error in terms of the sparsity level of the covariance and the expected supremum of the field. We prove that thresholded estimators enjoy an exponential improv

Utkarsh Giri, Bridget C. Andersen, Pragya Chawla, Alice P. Curtin

The bright millisecond-duration radio burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 in 2020 April was a landmark event, demonstrating that at least some fast radio burst (FRB) sources could be magnetars. The two-component burst was temporally coincident with peaks observed within a contemporaneous short X-ray burst envelope, marking the first instance where

Luca Della Libera, Pooneh Mousavi, Salah Zaiem, Cem Subakan

Modern multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems like Whisper have made it possible to transcribe audio in multiple languages with a single model. However, current state-of-the-art ASR models are typically evaluated on individual languages or in a multi-task setting, overlooking the challenge of continually learning new languages. There is insu

P. Laccotripes, T. Müller, R. M. Stevenson, J. Skiba-Szymanska

The ever-evolving demands for computational power and for a securely connected world dictate the development of quantum networks where entanglement is distributed between connected parties. Solid-state quantum emitters in the telecom C-band are a promising platform for quantum communication applications due to the minimal absorption of photons at these wavel

Athira J Jacob, Ola Abdelkarim, Salma Zook, Kristian Hay Kragholm

Background: Accurate chamber volumetry from gated, non-contrast cardiac CT (NCCT) scans can be useful for potential screening of heart failure. Objectives: To validate a new, fully automated, AI-based method for cardiac volume and myocardial mass quantification from NCCT scans compared to contrasted CT Angiography (CCTA). Methods: Of a retrospectively collec

M. A. Reyes, C. Dalfó, M. A. Fiol

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices. The $k$-token graph (or symmetric $k$-th power) of $G$, denoted by $F_k(G)$ has as vertices the ${n\choose k}$ $k$-subsets of vertices from $G$, and two vertices are adjacent when their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent vertices in $G$. In particular, $F_k(K_n)$ is the Johnson graph $J(n,k)$, which is a distance-r

Morgan R. Jones, Mitul Luhar, Eva Kanso

We present experiments on oscillating hydrofoils undergoing combined heaving and pitching motions, paying particular attention to connections between propulsive efficiency and coherent wake features extracted using modal analysis. Time-averaged forces and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the flow field downstream of the foil are presented for

Oytun Haçarız, Torsten Kleinow, Angus S. Macdonald

We revisit surplus on general life insurance contracts, represented by Markov models. We classify technical bases in terms of boundary conditions in Thiele's equation(s), allowing more general regulations than Scandinavian-style `first-order/second-order' regimes, and replacing the traditional retrospective policy value. We propose a `canonical' model with t

Francisco J. Sevilla, Guillermo Chacón-Acosta, Trifce Sandev

The transport equation of active motion is generalised to consider time-fractional dynamics for describing the anomalous diffusion of self-propelled particles observed in many different systems. In the present study, we consider an arbitrary active motion pattern modelled by a scattering function that defines the dynamics of the change of the self-propulsion

Esther Banaian, Yadira Valdivieso

Generalized cluster algebras from orbifolds were defined by Chekhov and Shapiro to give a combinatorial description of their Teichm\"uller spaces. One can also assign a gentle algebra to a triangulated orbifold, as in the work of Labardini-Fragoso and Mou. In this work, we show that the Caldero-Chapoton map and the snake graph expansion map agree for arcs in

Nikita Mehandru, Sweta Agrawal, Yimin Xiao, Elaine C Khoong

A major challenge in the practical use of Machine Translation (MT) is that users lack guidance to make informed decisions about when to rely on outputs. Progress in quality estimation research provides techniques to automatically assess MT quality, but these techniques have primarily been evaluated in vitro by comparison against human judgments outside of a

Jessica M. Berkheimer, Timothy Carleton, Rogier A. Windhorst, William C. Keel

James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam images have revealed 154 reliable globular cluster (GC) candidates around the $z = 0.0513$ elliptical galaxy VV~191a after subtracting 34 likely interlopers from background galaxies inside our search area. NIRCam broadband observations are made at 0.9-4.5 $\mu$m using the F090W, F150W, F356W, and F444W filters. Using PSF-mat

R. Dutta, A. I. Stan

We observed existence of periodic orbit in immune network under transitive solvable lie algebra. In this paper, we focus to develop condition of maximal Lie algebra for immune network model and use that condition to construct vector field of symmetry to study non linear pathogen model. We used two methods to obtain analytical structure of solution, namely no

Zhihui Zhu, Joseph M. Lukens, Brian T. Kirby

Classical shadows (CS) offer a resource-efficient means to estimate quantum observables, circumventing the need for exhaustive state tomography. Here, we clarify and explore the connection between CS techniques and least squares (LS) and regularized least squares (RLS) methods commonly used in machine learning and data analysis. By formal identification of L

Shuhua Yu, Dusan Jakovetic, Soummya Kar

Motivated by understanding and analysis of large-scale machine learning under heavy-tailed gradient noise, we study decentralized optimization with gradient clipping, i.e., in which certain clipping operators are applied to the gradients or gradient estimates computed from local nodes prior to further processing. While vanilla gradient clipping has proven ef

Jianwei Fei, Zhihua Xia, Benedetta Tondi, Mauro Barni

We propose a novel multi-bit box-free watermarking method for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of GANs with improved robustness against white-box attacks like fine-tuning, pruning, quantization, and surrogate model attacks. The watermark is embedded by adding an extra watermarking loss term during GAN training, ensuring that the images ge

Anzhuoer Li, Liang Dong, Qian Niu

We present a theory of geodynamics in a space-time crystal based on an event wave packet constructed from the Floquet-Bloch waves, which not only involve a scalar dispersion function but also a Berry curvature tensor in the phase space manifold of space-time and the reciprocal quasi energy-momentum. In the presence of structural deformation, this theory is n

Kelin Yu, Yunhai Han, Qixian Wang, Vaibhav Saxena

Tactile sensing is critical to fine-grained, contact-rich manipulation tasks, such as insertion and assembly. Prior research has shown the possibility of learning tactile-guided policy from teleoperated demonstration data. However, to provide the demonstration, human users often rely on visual feedback to control the robot. This creates a gap between the sen

Takol Tangphati, Phongpichit Channuie, Kazuharu Bamba, Davood Momeni

The shadows and photon spheres are investigated for both static and rotating traversable wormholes. In particular, with a red-shift function constructed in combination with two distinct shape functions, the null geodesic equation is found to predict the light trajectory. To explore observable phenomena and gain a deeper understanding of the gravitational inf

L. Nies, L. Canete, D. D. Dao, S. Giraud

Isomers close to doubly-magic $^{78}_{28}$Ni$_{50}$ provide essential information on the shell evolution and shape coexistence near the ${Z=28}$ and ${N=50}$ double shell closure. We report the excitation energy measurement of the $1/2^{+}$ isomer in $^{79}_{30}$Zn$_{49}$ through independent high-precision mass measurements with the JYFLTRAP double Penning t

Mattia Villani

In a recent paper, we have studied the Teukolsky equations for fermions with mass $m_e\neq 0$ and rotating black hole of mass $M$. There, we have studied two cases: $\tilde{m}_e=m_e\,M^{-1}\ll 1$ and $a\omega\ll 1$; $\tilde{m}_e\ll 1$ and $a\omega \gtrsim 1$. Here we study the two remaining case case in which $\tilde{m}_e\gtrsim 1$ and $a\omega\ll 1$ using a

Andre Maeder, Vesselin G. Gueorguiev

On the basis of a general action principle, we revisit the scale invariant field equation using the co-tensor relations by Dirac (1973). This action principle also leads to an expression for the scale factor $\lambda$, which corresponds to the one derived from the gauging condition, which assumes that a macroscopic empty space is scale-invariant, homogeneous

Julia Briden, Peng Mun Siew, Victor Rodriguez-Fernandez, Richard Linares

As the peak of the solar cycle approaches in 2025 and the ability of a single geomagnetic storm to significantly alter the orbit of Resident Space Objects (RSOs), techniques for atmospheric density forecasting are vital for space situational awareness. While linear data-driven methods, such as dynamic mode decomposition with control (DMDc), have been used pr

Olga Avsajanishvili, Gennady Y. Chitov, Tina Kahniashvili, Sayan Mandal

$\phi$CDM models provide an alternative to the standard $\Lambda$CDM paradigm, while being physically better motivated. These models lead to a time-dependent speed of sound for dark energy that is difficult to replicate by $w$CDM parametrizations. We review the most up-to-date status of observational evidence for the $\phi$CDM models in this paper. We start

Daniil Vankov, Angelia Nedich, Lalitha Sankar

This paper focuses on non-monotone stochastic variational inequalities (SVIs) that may not have a unique solution. A commonly used efficient algorithm to solve VIs is the Popov method, which is known to have the optimal convergence rate for VIs with Lipschitz continuous and strongly monotone operators. We introduce a broader class of structured non-monotone

Tristan da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes, Yanis Sassi, Dédalo Sanz-Hernández, Sachin Krishnia

Integrating magnetic skyrmions into neuromorphic computing could help improve hardware efficiency and computational power. However, developing a scalable implementation of the weighted sum of neuron signals - a core operation in neural networks - has remained a challenge. Here, we show that weighted sum operations can be performed in a compact, biologically-

Maximilian-David Rumpf, Mohammed Alser, Arvid E. Gollwitzer, Joel Lindegger

Computational complexity is a key limitation of genomic analyses. Thus, over the last 30 years, researchers have proposed numerous fast heuristic methods that provide computational relief. Comparing genomic sequences is one of the most fundamental computational steps in most genomic analyses. Due to its high computational complexity, optimized exact and heur

Edgar Galindez-Ruales, Rafael Gonzalez-Hernandez, Christin Schmitt, Shubhankar Das

Altermagnets are a class of magnetic materials that exhibit unconventional transport properties, such as an anomalous Hall effect, despite having compensated sublattice magnetic moments. In this study, we report fundamental experimental evidence of the altermagnetic nature of hematite ($\alpha$-\ch{Fe2O3}), combining electrical transport with advanced XPEEM

Abhijit Chowdhary, Shanyin Tong, Georg Stadler, Alen Alexanderian

We study the sensitivity of infinite-dimensional Bayesian linear inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) with respect to modeling uncertainties. In particular, we consider derivative-based sensitivity analysis of the information gain, as measured by the Kullback-Leibler divergence from the posterior to the prior distribution. To fa

Jan Kurkofka, Emily Nevinson

We propose an open question that seeks to generalise the Four Colour Theorem from two to three dimensions. As an appetiser, we show that 12 instead of four colours are both sufficient and necessary to colour every 2-complex that embeds in a prescribed 3-manifold. However, our example of a 2-complex that requires 12 colours is not simplicial.

Shrey Agrawal, Venkatesan Kanagaraj, Martin Treiber

While macroscopic models for single or multi-lane traffic flow are well established, these models are not applicable to the dynamics and characteristics of disordered traffic which is characterized by widely different types of vehicles and no lane discipline. We propose a first-order two-dimensional Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model for the continuous m

Raffaele Silvestri, Haocun Yu, Teodor Stromberg, Christopher Hilweg

Precision interferometry with quantum states has emerged as an essential tool for experimentally answering fundamental questions in physics. Optical quantum interferometers are of particular interest due to mature methods for generating and manipulating quantum states of light. The increased sensitivity offered by these states promises to enable quantum phen

Bernhard Baumschlager, Sijing Shen, James W. Wadsley

Radiation from stars and AGN plays an important role in galaxy formation and evolution, and profoundly transforms the IGM, CGM & ISM. On-the-fly RT has started being incorporated in cosmological simulations, but the complex, evolving radiation spectra are often crudely approximated with a small number of broad bands with piece-wise constant intensity and a f

Shachar Fraenkel, Moshe Goldstein

Out-of-equilibrium states of many-body systems tend to evade a description by standard statistical mechanics, and their uniqueness is epitomized by the possibility of certain long-range correlations that cannot occur in equilibrium. In quantum many-body systems, coherent correlations of this sort may lead to the emergence of remarkable entanglement structure

Andrea Derdzinski, Lorenz Zwick

This text will appear as Section II of Chapter 5 of the book "Black Holes in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy". As a stand alone text, it serves as a brief overview of astrophysics and gravitational wave radiation of extreme mass ratio inspirals, or EMRIs. Topics covered consist of: dynamical and gas-assisted formation channels, basics of EMRI dynamic

Liang Ma, Yi Pang, H. Lu

We obtain a class of dyonic black string solutions in 6D Salam-Sezgin model. We then calculate various thermodynamic quantities associated with this solution. Interestingly, for the thermodynamic quantities to be well defined, the temperature is bounded from above. However, the mass and entropy can still grow without any upper bound, reaching infinity at the

Yinan Liang, Ziwei Wang, Xiuwei Xu, Yansong Tang

Due to the high price and heavy energy consumption of GPUs, deploying deep models on IoT devices such as microcontrollers makes significant contributions for ecological AI. Conventional methods successfully enable convolutional neural network inference of high resolution images on microcontrollers, while the framework for vision transformers that achieve the

Jaiveer Gill, Ratul Chakraborty, Reetham Gubba, Amy Liu

The detailed analysis of molecular structures and properties holds great potential for drug development discovery through machine learning. Developing an emergent property in the model to understand molecules would broaden the horizons for development with a new computational tool. We introduce various methods to detect and cluster chemical compounds based o

Solveig Helland, Elena Gavagnin, Alexandre de Spindler

The growing capabilities of transformer models pave the way for solving increasingly complex NLP tasks. A key to supporting application-specific requirements is the ability to fine-tune. However, compiling a fine-tuning dataset tailored to complex tasks is tedious and results in large datasets, limiting the ability to control transformer output. We present a

Daniel J. D'Orazio, Maria Charisi

Despite solid theoretical and observational grounds for the pairing of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) after galaxy mergers, definitive evidence for the existence of close (sub-parsec) separation SMBH binaries (SMBHBs) approaching merger is yet to be found. This chapter reviews techniques aimed at discovering such SMBHBs in galactic nuclei. We motivate the

Aniket Bhagwat, Tiago Costa, Benedetta Ciardi, Rüdiger Pakmor

We present SPICE, a new suite of RHD cosmological simulations targeting the epoch of reionisation. The goal of these simulations is to systematically probe a variety of stellar feedback models, including "bursty" and "smooth" forms of supernova energy injection, as well as poorly-explored scenarios such as hypernova explosions and radiation pressure. Subtle

Alberto Colombo, Raphaël Duqué, Om Sharan Salafia, Floor S. Broekgaarden

The existence of merging black hole-neutron star (BHNS) binaries has been ascertained through the observation of their gravitational wave (GW) signals. However, to date, no definitive electromagnetic (EM) emission has been confidently associated with these mergers. Such an association could help unravel crucial information on these systems, for example, thei

Giulia Fumagalli, Davide Gerosa

Orbital eccentricity and spin precession are precious observables to infer the formation history of binary black holes with gravitational-wave data. We present a post-Newtonian, multi-timescale analysis of the binary dynamics able to capture both precession and eccentricity over long inspirals. We show that the evolution of an eccentric binary can be reduced

Tom Rose, B. R. McNamara, F. Combes, A. C. Edge

We present new ALMA CO(2-1) observations tracing $2.2 \times 10^{10}$ solar masses of molecular gas in Abell 2390's brightest cluster galaxy, where half the gas is located in a one-sided plume extending 15 kpc out from the galaxy centre. This molecular gas has a smooth and positive velocity gradient, and is receding 250 km/s faster at its farthest point than

Chirag Chawla, Sourav Chatterjee, Neev Shah, Katelyn Breivik

Understanding the connection between the properties of black holes (BHs) and their progenitors is interesting in many branches of astrophysics. Discovering BHs in detached orbits with luminous companions (LCs) promises to help create this map since the LC and BH progenitor are expected to have the same metallicity and formation time. We explore the possibili

June-Young Kim, Christian Weiss

The instanton vacuum picture is used to study hadronic matrix elements of the twist-3 (dimension-4, spin-1) QCD operators measuring the quark spin density and spin-orbit correlations. The QCD operators are converted to effective operators in the low-energy effective theory emerging after chiral symmetry breaking, in a systematic approach based on the diluten

Jakob Knollmüller, Philipp Arras, Torsten Enßlin

Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole at the heart of our galaxy, provides unique opportunities to study black hole accretion, jet formation, and gravitational physics. The rapid structural changes in Sgr A*'s emission pose a significant challenge for traditional imaging techniques. We present dynamic reconstructions of Sgr A* using Event Hori

G. Mantovan, L. Malavolta, S. Desidera, T. Zingales

Short-period giant planets are frequently found to be solitary compared to other classes of exoplanets. Small inner companions to giant planets with $P \lesssim$ 15 days are known only in five compact systems: WASP-47, Kepler-730, WASP-132, TOI-1130, and TOI-2000. Here, we report the confirmation of TOI-5398, the youngest compact multi-planet system composed

Alexios P. Polychronakos, Konstantinos Sfetsos

We study the multiplicity of irreducible representations in the decomposition of $n$ fundamentals of $SU(N)$ weighted by a power of their dimension in the large $n$ and large $N$ double scaling limit. A nontrivial scaling is obtained by keeping $n/N^2$ fixed, which plays the role of an order parameter. We find that the system generically undergoes a fourth o

Bo Peng, Gunnar F. Lange, Daniel Bennett, Kang Wang

Ultrathin bismuth exhibits rich physics including strong spin-orbit coupling, ferroelectricity, nontrivial topology, and light-induced structural dynamics. We use \textit{ab initio} calculations to show that light can induce structural transitions to four transient phases in bismuth monolayers. These light-induced phases exhibit nontrivial topological charac

Ido Irani, Jonathan Morag, Avishay Gal-Yam, Eli Waxman

We present a sample of 34 normal SNe II detected with the Zwicky Transient Facility, with multi-band UV light-curves starting at $t \leq 4$ days after explosion, as well as X-ray detections and upper limits. We characterize the early UV-optical colors and provide prescriptions for empirical host-extinction corrections. We show that the $t > 2\,$days UV-optic