October 2023 arXiv papers — page 94

Joseph Marvin Imperial, Ekaterina Kochmar

Current research on automatic readability assessment (ARA) has focused on improving the performance of models in high-resource languages such as English. In this work, we introduce and release BasahaCorpus as part of an initiative aimed at expanding available corpora and baseline models for readability assessment in lower resource languages in the Philippine

Raffaele S. Cattolico, Hagai B. Perets

In mass-transferring wide binary stellar systems, the companion star can capture some of the mass released in wind by the primary evolved star, and form an accretion disk. Such accretion disks could evolve to form disks of comparable properties to protoplanetary disks and may enable the formation of new planets and/or the interactions, re-growth, and re-migr

Nathanael Ackerman, Mohammad Golshani, Mostafa Mirabi

Suppose $\mathscr{L}^-\subseteq \mathscr{L}$ are languages where $\mathscr{L} \setminus\mathscr{L}^-$ is relational. Additionally, let $\mathbf{K}$ be a strong $\textrm{Fra\"iss\'e}$ class in $\mathscr{L}$. We consider the partial ordering, under substructure, of those elements in $\mathbf{K}$ whose reduct to $\mathscr{L}^-$ are substructures of a fixed $\ma

Ioannis Dalianis

Cosmological perturbations, originating in the quantum fluctuations of the fields that drive inflation, are observed to be nearly scale invariant at the largest scales. At smaller scales, however, perturbations are not severely constrained and might be of particular importance if their amplitude is large. They can trigger the creation of primordial black hol

Nemanja Draganić, Stefan Glock, David Munhá Correia, Benny Sudakov

In his seminal 1976 paper, P\'osa showed that for all $p\geq C\log n/n$, the binomial random graph $G(n,p)$ is with high probability Hamiltonian. This leads to the following natural questions, which have been extensively studied: How well is it typically possible to cover all edges of $G(n,p)$ with Hamilton cycles? How many cycles are necessary? In this pape

RR Flanagan, AG Osborne, MR Deinert

Distributed sensors have been proposed to detect nuclear materials if they enter urban areas. Past work on small detector systems has shown that data fusion can improve detection. Here, we show how this could be done for a large detector network using Pearsons Method. We evaluate how a sensor network would perform in New York City using a combination of radi

Gerard Lawler, Fabio Bosco, James Rosenzweig

As progress towards real implementations of cryogenic high gradient normal conducting accelerating cavities continues, a more mature understanding of the surface physics in this novel environment becomes increasingly necessary. To this end, we here focus on developing a deeper understanding of one cavity figure of merit, the radiofrequency (RF) surface resis

Mahsa Dibaji, Neha Gianchandani, Akhil Nair, Mansi Singhal

While utilizing machine learning models, one of the most crucial aspects is how bias and fairness affect model outcomes for diverse demographics. This becomes especially relevant in the context of machine learning for medical imaging applications as these models are increasingly being used for diagnosis and treatment planning. In this paper, we study biases

Dennis Philipp, Eva Hackmann, Jan P. Hackstein, Claus Lämmerzahl

One of geodesy's main tasks is to determine the gravity field of the Earth. High precision clocks have the potential to provide a new tool in a global determination of the Earth's gravitational potential based on the gravitational redshift. Towards this clock-based gravimetry or chronometry in stationary spacetimes, exact expressions for the relativistic red

Timothy M. Chan, Yinzhan Xu

In this paper, we provide simpler reductions from Exact Triangle to two important problems in fine-grained complexity: Exact Triangle with Few Zero-Weight $4$-Cycles and All-Edges Sparse Triangle. Exact Triangle instances with few zero-weight $4$-cycles was considered by Jin and Xu [STOC 2023], who used it as an intermediate problem to show $3$SUM hardness o

ATLAS Collaboration

This paper presents a study of $Z \to ll\gamma~$decays with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis uses a proton-proton data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ collected at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV. Integrated fiducial cross-sections together with normalised differential fiducial cross-

Marcin Pilipczuk, Paweł Rzążewski

In this note we show a polynomial bound on the number of minimal separators and potential maximal cliques in $P_6$-free graphs of bounded clique number.

Ram Brustein, A. J. M. Medved, Tamar Simhon

The frozen star is a recent proposal for a non-singular solution of Einstein's equations that describes an ultracompact object which closely resembles a black hole from an external perspective. The frozen star is also meant to be an alternative, classical description of an earlier proposal, the highly quantum polymer model. Here, we show that the thermodynam

Matthew Toles, Yukun Huang, Zhou Yu, Luis Gravano

Real-life tasks such as giving legal or technical advice often lack complete context at the outset and can have disparate answers depending thereon. The ability to derive missing factual information by asking clarifying questions (ACQ) is an important element of real-life collaboration on such reasoning tasks. Existing factual clarification question challeng

Xueying Wu, Edward Hanson, Nansu Wang, Qilin Zheng

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM)-based processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential to accelerate Deep Neural Network (DNN) training/inference. However, the computational accuracy of analog PIM is compromised due to the non-idealities, such as the conductance variation of ReRAM cells. The impact of these non-idealities wor

Monika Leibscher, Eugenio Pozzoli, Alexander Blech, Mario Sigalotti

Achiral molecules can be made temporarily chiral by excitation with electric fields, in the sense that an average over molecular orientations displays a net chiral signal [Tikhonov et al., Sci. Adv. 8, eade0311 (2022)]. Here, we go beyond the assumption of molecular orientations to remain fixed during the excitation process. Treating both rotations and vibra

Harshavardhan Kamarthi, Lingkai Kong, Alexander Rodríguez, Chao Zhang

Probabilistic hierarchical time-series forecasting is an important variant of time-series forecasting, where the goal is to model and forecast multivariate time-series that have underlying hierarchical relations. Most methods focus on point predictions and do not provide well-calibrated probabilistic forecasts distributions. Recent state-of-art probabilistic

V. D. Burkert, L. Elouadrhiri, F. X. Girod

We present the first determination of the proton mechanical radius. The result was obtained by employing a novel theoretical approach that connects experimental data of deeply virtual Compton scattering with the spin = 2 interaction that is characteristic of gravity coupling with matter. We find that the proton mechanical radius is significantly smaller than

Fumihiko Onoue

We consider hypersurfaces with boundary in $\mathbb{R}^N$ that are the critical points of the fractional area introduced by Paroni, Podio-Guidugli, and Seguin in [R. Paroni, P. Podio-Guidugli, B. Seguin, 2018]. In particular, we study the shape of such hypersurfaces in several simple settings. First, we show that the critical points whose boundary is an $(N-

Rui Yan, Gabriel Santos, Gethin Norman, David Parker

Stochastic games are a well established model for multi-agent sequential decision making under uncertainty. In practical applications, though, agents often have only partial observability of their environment. Furthermore, agents increasingly perceive their environment using data-driven approaches such as neural networks trained on continuous data. We propos

Steven J. Gortler, Louis Theran

In this note, we provide a new proof that a $D$-connected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices has a general position orthogonal representation in $\RR^{n-D}$. Our argument, while based on many of the concepts from the original proof due to Lov\'asz, Saks and Schrijver, does not use the probabilistic method.

Joel Jang, Seungone Kim, Bill Yuchen Lin, Yizhong Wang

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) aligns Large Language Models (LLMs) with general, aggregate human preferences, it is suboptimal for learning diverse, individual perspectives. In this work, we study Reinforcement Learning from Personalized Human Feedback (RLPHF) problem, wherein LLMs are aligned to multiple (sometimes conflicting) pref

Jimmy Gonzalez Nuñez, Jayson Paulose, Wolfram Möbius, Daniel A. Beller

When biological populations expand into new territory, the evolutionary outcomes can be strongly influenced by genetic drift, the random fluctuations in allele frequencies. Meanwhile, spatial variability in the environment can also significantly influence the competition between sub-populations vying for space. Little is known about the interplay of these in

Camelia D. Brumar, Gabriel Appleby, Jen Rogers, Teddy Matinde

Content recommendation tasks increasingly use Graph Neural Networks, but it remains challenging for machine learning experts to assess the quality of their outputs. Visualization systems for GNNs that could support this interrogation are few. Moreover, those that do exist focus primarily on exposing GNN architectures for tuning and prediction tasks and do no

J. Casares, I. V. Yanes-Rizo, M. A. P. Torres, T. M. C. Abbott

We present evidence for a 0.278(8) d (=6.7 h) orbital period in the X-ray transient GRS 1716-249 (=N Oph 93), based on a superhump modulation detected during the 1995 mini-outburst plus ellipsoidal variability in quiescence. With a quiescent magnitude of r=23.19+-0.15 N Oph 93 is too faint to warrant a full dynamical study through dedicated time-resolved spe

Joseph Johnson, Seth Sullivant

The codegree of a lattice polytope is the smallest integer dilate that contains a lattice point in the relative interior. The weak maximum likelihood threshold of a statistical model is the smallest number of data points for which there is a non-zero probability that the maximum likelihood estimate exists. The codegree of a marginal polytope is a lower bound

Heidi Howard, Fritz Alder, Edward Ashton, Amaury Chamayou

Confidentiality, integrity protection, and high availability, abbreviated to CIA, are essential properties for trustworthy data systems. The rise of cloud computing and the growing demand for multiparty applications however means that building modern CIA systems is more challenging than ever. In response, we present the Confidential Consortium Framework (CCF

Bo Sun, Jerry Huang, Nicolas Christianson, Mohammad Hajiesmaili

The burgeoning field of algorithms with predictions studies the problem of using possibly imperfect machine learning predictions to improve online algorithm performance. While nearly all existing algorithms in this framework make no assumptions on prediction quality, a number of methods providing uncertainty quantification (UQ) on machine learning models hav

Qihan Wang, Anique Tahir, Zeyad Alghamdi, Huan Liu

Depression has emerged as a significant mental health concern due to a variety of factors, reflecting broader societal and individual challenges. Within the digital era, social media has become an important platform for individuals navigating through depression, enabling them to express their emotional and mental states through various mediums, notably music

Tarik Aougab, Jayadev Athreya

Let $\Sigma$ be a closed orientable hyperbolic surface. We introduce the notion of a \textit{geodesic current with corners} on $\Sigma$, which behaves like a geodesic current away from certain singularities (the "corners"). We topologize the space of all currents with corners and study its properties. We prove that the space of currents with corners shares m

Linfang Ding, Guohui Xiao, Albulen Pano, Mattia Fumagalli

CityGML is a widely adopted standard by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for representing and exchanging 3D city models. The representation of semantic and topological properties in CityGML makes it possible to query such 3D city data to perform analysis in various applications, e.g., security management and emergency response, energy consumption and est

Shane Sparkes, Lu Zhang

A classical problem of statistical inference is the valid specification of a model that can account for the statistical dependencies between observations when the true structure is dense, intractable, or unknown. To address this problem, a new variance identity is presented, which is closely related to the Moulton factor. This identity does not require the s

Enzo A. Saavedra, Federico A. Fogantini, Gastón J. Escobar, Gustavo E. Romero

4FGL J1405.1-6119 is a high-mass $\gamma$-ray emitting binary that has been studied at several wavelengths. The nature of this type of binary is still under debate, with three possible scenarios usually invoked to explain the origin of the $\gamma$-ray emission: collisions between the winds of a rapidly rotating neutron star and its companion, collisions bet

Luís A. V. Catão, Jan Ditzen, Daniel Marcel te Kaat

We show that fluctuations in the ratio of non-core to core funding in the banking systems of advanced economies are largely driven by three global factors of both real and financial natures, with country-specific factors playing only a minor role. Exchange rate flexibility helps insulate the non-core to core ratio from such global factors. This insulation is

Fan Yi, Kun Woo Cho, Yaxiong Xie, Kyle Jamieson

We present the design and implementation of WaveFlex, the first smart surface that enhances Private LTE/5G networks operating under the shared-license framework in the Citizens Broadband Radio Service frequency band. WaveFlex works in the presence of frequency diversity: multiple nearby base stations operating on different frequencies, as dictated by a Spect

Haolin Liu, Chen-Yu Wei, Julian Zimmert

We study online reinforcement learning in linear Markov decision processes with adversarial losses and bandit feedback, without prior knowledge on transitions or access to simulators. We introduce two algorithms that achieve improved regret performance compared to existing approaches. The first algorithm, although computationally inefficient, ensures a regre

V. E. Adler

A construction of negative flows for integrable systems based on the Lax representation and squared eigenfunctions is proposed. Examples considered include the Boussinesq equation and its reduction to the Sawada-Kotera and Kaup-Kupershmidt equations; one of the Drinfeld-Sokolov systems and its reduction to the Krichever-Novikov equation.

Shubhankar Mohapatra, Jianqiao Zong, Florian Kerschbaum, Xi He

Despite several works that succeed in generating synthetic data with differential privacy (DP) guarantees, they are inadequate for generating high-quality synthetic data when the input data has missing values. In this work, we formalize the problems of DP synthetic data with missing values and propose three effective adaptive strategies that significantly im

Daniel Devine

Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^{n}\ (n\geq2)$ be either an open ball $B_R$ centred at the origin or the whole space. We study the existence of positive, radial solutions of quasilinear elliptic systems of the form \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} \Delta_{p} u&=f_1(|x|)g_1(v)|\nabla u|^{\alpha} &&\quad\mbox{ in } \Omega, \\ \Delta_{p} v&=f_2(|x|)g_2(v)h

Ernesto Giralt Hernández

Data generation and analysis is a fundamental aspect of many industries and disciplines, from strategic decision making in business to research in the physical and social sciences. However, data generated using software and algorithms can be subject to biases and errors. These can be due to problems with the original software, default settings that do not al

Yan X Zhang

Understanding when two non-isomorphic graphs can have the same spectra is a classic problem that is still not completely understood, even for integral circulant graphs. We say that a natural number $N$ satisfies the \emph{integral spectral Ad\`{a}m property (ISAP)} if any two integral circulant graphs of order $N$ with the same spectra must be isomorphic. It

Samuel Millstone, Robert Gutermuth, Stella S. R. Offner, Riwaj Pokhrel

We explore the relationship between stellar surface density and gas surface density (the star-gas or S-G correlation) in a 20,000 M$_{\odot}$ simulation from the STAR FORmation in Gaseous Environments (STARFORGE) Project. We create synthetic observations based on the Spitzer and Herschel telescopes by modeling active galactic nuclei contamination, smoothing

Oliver Brenner, Justin Plogmann, Pasha Piroozmand, Patrick Jenny

The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations provide a computationally efficient method for solving fluid flow problems in engineering applications. However, the use of closure models to represent turbulence effects can reduce their accuracy. To address this issue, recent research has explored data-driven techniques such as data assimilation and mach

Paolo Luchini

A uniform representation of the mean turbulent velocity profile in the sum of a wall function and a wake function is applied to an open channel, quantitatively determining its components. The open channel is thus found to coherently fit in to the same theoretical picture previously drawn for plane Couette, plane closed channel and circular pipe flow, and to

Noé Tits

In this paper, we present a methodology for linguistic feature extraction, focusing particularly on automatically syllabifying words in multiple languages, with a design to be compatible with a forced-alignment tool, the Montreal Forced Aligner (MFA). In both the textual and phonetic domains, our method focuses on the extraction of phonetic transcriptions fr

Kunihiko Kaneko

Possibility to establish macroscopic phenomenological theory for biological systems, akin to the akin to the well-established framework of thermodynamics, is briefly reviewed. We introduce the concept of an evolutionary fluctuation-response relationship, which highlights the need for a tight correlation between the variance in phenotypic traits caused by gen

Ruiyuan Chen

An \'etale structure over a topological space $X$ is a continuous family of structures (in some first-order language) indexed over $X$. We give an exposition of this fundamental concept from sheaf theory and its relevance to countable model theory and invariant descriptive set theory. We show that many classical aspects of spaces of countable models can be n

Davide Donati

In [Dal Maso and Toader, NoDEA 2022], the authors introduced the space $GBV_\star(A)$ to minimise a class of functionals whose study is motivated by fracture mechanics. In this paper, we extend the definition of $GBV_\star(A)$ to the vectorial case, introducing the space $GBV_\star(A;\mathbb{R}^k)$. We study the main properties of $GBV_\star(A;\mathbb{R}^k)$

Sergio Girón Pacheco

We discuss a strategy for classifying anomalous actions through model action absorption. We use this to upgrade existing classification results for Rokhlin actions of finite groups on C$^*$-algebras, with further assuming a UHF-absorption condition, to a classification of anomalous actions on these C$^*$-algebras.

Chelsey Edge, Demetrious Kutzke, Megdalia Bromhal, Junaed Sattar

This paper presents Diver Interest via Pointing in Three Dimensions (DIP-3D), a method to relay an object of interest from a diver to an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) by pointing that includes three-dimensional distance information to discriminate between multiple objects in the AUV's camera image. Traditional dense stereo vision for distance estimatio

Esther Y. H. Lin, Zhecheng Wang, Rebecca Lin, Daniel Miau

Optical blur is an inherent property of any lens system and is challenging to model in modern cameras because of their complex optical elements. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a high-dimensional neural representation of blur$-$$\textit{the lens blur field}$$-$and a practical method for acquiring it. The lens blur field is a multilayer perceptron (MLP

Shraban Kumar Chatterjee, Suman Kundu

The present paper provides a generalized model of network, namely, Hybrid Layered Network (HLN). We proved that the sets of all homogeneous, heterogeneous and multi-layered networks are subsets of the set of all HLNs depicting the model's generalizability. The proposed HLN is more efficient in encoding different types of nodes and edges {when compared to rep

Dayshon Mathis

Black holes are interesting astrophysical objects that have been studied as systems sensitive to quantum gravitational data. The accelerated geometry in the exterior of extremal black holes can induce large center-of-mass energies between particles with particular momenta at the horizon. This is known as the Ba\~nados-Silk-West (BSW) effect. For point partic

Jie Pu, Thai-Son Nguyen, Sebastian Stüker

In this paper, we investigate the usage of large language models (LLMs) to improve the performance of competitive speech recognition systems. Different from previous LLM-based ASR error correction methods, we propose a novel multi-stage approach that utilizes uncertainty estimation of ASR outputs and reasoning capability of LLMs. Specifically, the proposed a

Dengwang Tang, Rahul Jain, Botao Hao, Zheng Wen

In this paper, we study the problem of efficient online reinforcement learning in the infinite horizon setting when there is an offline dataset to start with. We assume that the offline dataset is generated by an expert but with unknown level of competence, i.e., it is not perfect and not necessarily using the optimal policy. We show that if the learning age

Vladislav Kargin

We consider Galton--Watson trees conditioned on both the total number of vertices $n$ and the number of leaves $k$. The focus is on the case in which both $k$ and $n$ grow to infinity and $k = \alpha n + O(1)$, with $\alpha \in (0, 1)$. Assuming the exponential decay of the offspring distribution, we show that the rescaled random tree converges in distributi

Melvin Vaupel, Benjamin Dunn

We explain how homotopical information of two composeable relations can be organized in two simplicial categories that augment the relations row and column complexes. We show that both of these categories realize to weakly equivalent spaces, thereby extending Dowker's duality theorem. We also prove a functorial version of this result. Specializing the above

F. Colombo, I. Sabadini, D. C. Struppa, A. Yger

The notion of supershift (in itself a generalization of the notion of superoscillation arising in quantum mechanics) expresses the fact that the sampling of a function in an interval allows to compute the values of the function far from the interval. In this paper we study the relation between supershift and real analyticity. We use a classical result due to

Daniel Augusto de Souza, Alexander Nikitin, ST John, Magnus Ross

Gaussian processes (GPs) can provide a principled approach to uncertainty quantification with easy-to-interpret kernel hyperparameters, such as the lengthscale, which controls the correlation distance of function values. However, selecting an appropriate kernel can be challenging. Deep GPs avoid manual kernel engineering by successively parameterizing kernel

Dakshita Khurana, Kabir Tomer

One-way functions are central to classical cryptography. They are both necessary for the existence of non-trivial classical cryptosystems, and sufficient to realize meaningful primitives including commitments, pseudorandom generators and digital signatures. At the same time, a mounting body of evidence suggests that assumptions even weaker than one-way funct

Manuel Weber

We study the effect of bond dissipation on the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg model. In analogy to the spin-Peierls problem, the dissipative bath is described by local harmonic oscillators that modulate the spin exchange coupling, but instead of a single boson frequency we consider a continuous bath spectrum $\propto \omega^s$. Using

Anatoly Levenchuk

Systems thinking is a way of making sense about the world in terms of multilevel, nested, interacting systems, their environment, and the boundaries between the systems and the environment. In this paper we discuss the evolution of systems thinking and discuss what is needed for an ontology of the current generation of systems thinking.

Siyan Zhao, John Dang, Aditya Grover

Many applications of large language models (LLMs), ranging from chatbots to creative writing, require nuanced subjective judgments that can differ significantly across different groups. Existing alignment algorithms can be expensive to align for each group, requiring prohibitive amounts of group-specific preference data and computation for real-world use cas

Iván Blanco-Chacón, Luis Dieulefait

Let $F/\mathbb{Q}$ be any totally real number field and $\frak{N}$ an ideal of its ring of integers of norm $N$ and define, for every even $n$, the $[F:\mathbb{Q}]$-dimensional multiweight $\textbf{n}=(n,...,n)$. We prove that for a non CM Hilbert cuspidal Hecke eigenform for $F$, say $f\in S_{\textbf{k}}(\Gamma_0(\frak{N}))$ with $k>2$ even, and a prime $p>

Joy Kondo, Justin Park, Josiah Kondo, Nam Wook Kim

As our society is becoming increasingly data-dependent, more and more people rely on charts and graphs to understand and communicate complex data. While such visualizations effectively reveal meaningful trends, they unavoidably aggregate data into points and bars that are overly simplified depictions of ourselves and our communities. We present DataGarden, a

Kavach Dheer, Arpit Dhankhar

Natural Language Processing is booming with its applications in the real world, one of which is Text Summarization for large texts including news articles. This research paper provides an extensive comparative evaluation of extractive and abstractive approaches for news text summarization, with an emphasis on the ROUGE score analysis. The study employs the C

Farhodjon Arzikulov, Utkirbek Khakimov

In the present paper, we introduce and study counterparts of Rickart involutive algebras, i.e., almost inner Rickart algebras. We prove that a nilpotent associative algebra, which has no nilpotent elements with nonzero square roots, is an almost inner Rickart algebra. A nilpotent associative algebra, which has no nilpotent elements with a square root $b$ suc

Revan MacQueen, James R. Wright

Self-play is a technique for machine learning in multi-agent systems where a learning algorithm learns by interacting with copies of itself. Self-play is useful for generating large quantities of data for learning, but has the drawback that the agents the learner will face post-training may have dramatically different behavior than the learner came to expect

Pierre A. Haas, Stephanie S. M. H. Höhn

The folding of cellular monolayers pervades embryonic development and disease. It results from stresses out of the plane of the tissue, often caused by cell shape changes including cell wedging via apical constriction. These local cellular changes need not however be compatible with the global shape of the tissue. Such geometric incompatibilities lead to res

Felix Esser, Radu Alexandru Rosu, André Cornelißen, Lasse Klingbeil

With the need to feed a growing world population, the efficiency of crop production is of paramount importance. To support breeding and field management, various characteristics of the plant phenotype need to be measured -- a time-consuming process when performed manually. We present a robotic platform equipped with multiple laser and camera sensors for high

Yu-Heng Hung, Ping-Chun Hsieh, Akshay Mete, P. R. Kumar

We consider the infinite-horizon linear Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), where the transition probabilities of the dynamic model can be linearly parameterized with the help of a predefined low-dimensional feature mapping. While the existing regression-based approaches have been theoretically shown to achieve nearly-optimal regret, they are computationally r

Gaurang Agrawal, Tanoy Kanti Konar, Leela Ganesh Chandra Lakkaraju, Aditi Sen De

Quantum addition based on the quantum Fourier transform can be an integral part of a quantum circuit and proved to be more efficient than the existing classical ripple carry adder. Our study includes identifying the quantum resource required in a quantum adder in any arbitrary dimension and its relationship with the performance indicator in the presence of l

Dhruba Ghosh, Hanna Hajishirzi, Ludwig Schmidt

Recent breakthroughs in diffusion models, multimodal pretraining, and efficient finetuning have led to an explosion of text-to-image generative models. Given human evaluation is expensive and difficult to scale, automated methods are critical for evaluating the increasingly large number of new models. However, most current automated evaluation metrics like F

Massimo Bianchi, Guillaume Bossard

We give a detailed (microscopic) description of the geometric and non-geometric fundamental branes and their bound states in Type II superstring compactifications preserving N=6 supersymmetry. We consider general boundary states that couple to the twisted sector and compute the relevant annulus amplitudes. We check consistency of the construction by relating

Akari Asai, Zeqiu Wu, Yizhong Wang, Avirup Sil

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad hoc approach that augments LMs with retrieval of relevant knowledge, decreases such issues. However, indiscriminately r

Herman L. Marshall, Ioannis Liodakis, Alan P. Marscher, Niccolo Di Lalla

We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3$\sigma$ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization d

O. Bezushchak

We describe derivations of several important associative and Lie rings of infinite matrices over general rings of coefficients.

Shrishmoy Ray, Steph Sallum, Sasha Hinkley, Anand Sivamarakrishnan

We present aperture masking interferometry (AMI) observations of the star HIP 65426 at $3.8\,\rm{\mu m}$ as a part of the JWST Direct Imaging Early Release Science (ERS) program obtained using the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument. This mode provides access to very small inner working angles (even separations slightly below t

Antonio J. Porras-Valverde, John C. Forbes, Rachel S. Somerville, Adam R. H. Stevens

Semi-analytic models (SAMs) systematically predict higher stellar-mass scatter at a given halo mass than hydrodynamical simulations and most empirical models. Our goal is to investigate the physical origin of this scatter by exploring modifications to the physics in the SAM Dark Sage. We design two black hole formation models that approximate results from th

Giacomo Bonanno

We provide a new characterization of both belief update and belief revision in terms of a Kripke-Lewis semantics. We consider frames consisting of a set of states, a Kripke belief relation and a Lewis selection function. Adding a valuation to a frame yields a model. Given a model and a state, we identify the initial belief set K with the set of formulas that

N. L. Diaz, Diego García-Martín, Sujay Kazi, Martin Larocca

Barren plateaus have emerged as a pivotal challenge for variational quantum computing. Our understanding of this phenomenon underwent a transformative shift with the recent introduction of a Lie algebraic theory capable of explaining most sources of barren plateaus. However, this theory requires either initial states or observables that lie in the circuit's

E. Spitoni, G. Cescutti, A. Recio-Blanco, I. Minchev

According to observations and numerical simulations, the Milky Way could exhibit several spiral arm modes with multiple pattern speeds, wherein the slower patterns are located at larger Galactocentric distances. Our aim is to quantify the effects of the spiral arms on the azimuthal variations of the chemical abundances for oxygen, iron and for the first time

Andrew M. M. Reeves, Michael J. Hudson

We forward model the difference in stellar age between post-coalescence mergers and a control sample with the same stellar mass, environmental density, and redshift. In particular, we use a pure sample of 445 post-coalescence mergers from the recent visually-confirmed post-coalescence merger sample identified by Bickley et al. and find that post-coalescence

Tibor Dome, Rumail Azhar, Anastasia Fialkov

Upcoming 21 cm intensity mapping experiments like the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) hold significant potential to constrain the properties of dark matter. In this work, we model neutral hydrogen (HI) distributions using high-resolution hydrodynamical $N$-body simulations of both cold dark matter (CDM) and fuzzy dark matter (FDM) cosmologies in the post-reioni

Myra Cheng, Tiziano Piccardi, Diyi Yang

Recent work has aimed to capture nuances of human behavior by using LLMs to simulate responses from particular demographics in settings like social science experiments and public opinion surveys. However, there are currently no established ways to discuss or evaluate the quality of such LLM simulations. Moreover, there is growing concern that these LLM simul

Caleb Painter, Rosanne Di Stefano, Vinay L. Kashyap, Roberto Soria

GRS 1747-312 is a bright Low-Mass X-ray Binary in the globular cluster Terzan 6, located at a distance of 9.5 kpc from the Earth. It exhibits regular outbursts approximately every 4.5 months, during which periodic eclipses are known to occur. These eclipses have only been observed in the outburst phase, and are not clearly seen when the source is quiescent.

Steph Sallum, Shrishmoy Ray, Jens Kammerer, Anand Sivaramakrishnan

We present a performance analysis for the aperture masking interferometry (AMI) mode on board the James Webb Space Telescope Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (JWST/NIRISS). Thanks to self-calibrating observables, AMI accesses inner working angles down to and even within the classical diffraction limit. The scientific potential of this mode has

Efrain Gatuzz, T. W. Gorczyca, M. F. Hasoglu, E. Costantini

We present a study S K-edge using high-resolution HETGS {\it Chandra} spectra of 36 low-mas X-ray binaries. For each source, we have estimated column densities for {\rm S}~{\sc i}, {\rm S}~{\sc ii}, {\rm S}~{\sc iii}, {\rm S}~{\sc xiv}, {\rm S}~{\sc xv} and {\rm S}~{\sc xvi} ionic species, which trace the neutral, warm and hot phases of the Galactic interste

Askar A. Iliasov, Robert Canyellas, Mikhail I. Katsnelson, Andrey A. Bagrov

Using the Sierpinski gasket (triangle) and carpet (square) lattices as examples, we theoretically study the properties of fractal superconductors. For that, we focus on the phenomenon of $s$-wave superconductivity in the Hubbard model with attractive on-site potential and employ the Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach and the theory of superfluid stiffness. For th

Ananya Bandopadhyay, Julia Fancher, Aluel Athian, Valentino Indelicato

A star completely destroyed in a tidal disruption event (TDE) ignites a luminous flare that is powered by the fallback of tidally stripped debris to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) of mass $M_{\bullet}$. We analyze two estimates for the peak fallback rate in a TDE, one being the "frozen-in" model, which predicts a strong dependence of the time to peak fallb

Ulrich P. Steinwandel, Jared A. Goldberg

We present results from galaxy evolution simulations with a mutiphase Interstellar medium (ISM), a mass resolution of $4$ M$_{\odot}$ and a spatial resolution of 0.5 pc. These simulations include a stellar feedback model that includes the resolved feedback from individual massive stars and accounts for heating from the far UV-field, non-equilibrium cooling a

Andrew R. Frey, Ratul Mahanta, Anshuman Maharana, Francesco Muia

We revisit the study of string theory close to the Hagedorn temperature with the aim towards cosmological applications. We consider interactions of open and closed strings in a gas of D$p-$branes, and/or one isolated D$p$-brane, in an arbitrary number $d$ of flat non-compact dimensions and general compact dimensions. Leading order string perturbation theory

Samir Salim, Sandro Tacchella, Chandler Osborne, S. M. Faber

The specific star formation rate (sSFR) is commonly used to describe the level of galaxy star formation (SF) and to select quenched galaxies. However, being a relative measure of the young-to-old population, an ambiguity in its interpretation may arise because a small sSFR can be either because of a substantial previous mass build up, or because SF is low. W

Cordelia Dashwood Brown, Poshak Gandhi, Yue Zhao

When a compact object is formed, an impulse (kick) will be imparted to the system by the mass lost during the core-collapse supernova (SN). A number of other mechanisms may impart an additional kick on the system, although evidence for these natal kicks in black hole systems remains limited. Updated Gaia astrometry has recently identified a number of high pe

A. Richard-Laferrière, H. R. Russell, A. C. Fabian, U. Chadayammuri

The cluster of galaxies Abell 2146 is undergoing a major merger and is an ideal cluster to study ICM physics, as it has a simple geometry with the merger axis in the plane of the sky, its distance allows us to resolve features across the relevant scales and its temperature lies within Chandra's sensitivity. Gas from the cool core of the subcluster has been p

Vikram Manikantan, Nicholas Kaaz, Jonatan Jacquemin-Ide, Gibwa Musoke

The conventional accretion disk lore is that magnetized turbulence is the principal angular momentum transport process that drives accretion. However, when dynamically important large-scale magnetic fields thread an accretion disk, they can produce mass and angular momentum outflows, known as winds, that also drive accretion. Yet, the relative importance of

Yuan Fang, Jennifer Cano, Sayed Ali Akbar Ghorashi

Quantum geometry plays a pivotal role in the second-order response of $\cal PT$-symmetric antiferromagnets. Here we study the nonlinear response of 2D altermagnets protected by $C_n\cal T$ symmetry and show that their leading nonlinear response is third-order. Furthermore, we show that the contributions from the quantum metric and Berry curvature enter separ

David Benisty, Jenny Wagner, Denitsa Staicova

The two-body problem under the influence of both dark energy and post-Newtonian modifications is studied. In this unified framework, we demonstrate that dark energy plays the role of a critical period with $T_{\Lambda} = 2\pi/c \sqrt{\Lambda} \approx 60~\text{Gyr}$. We also show that the ratio between orbital and critical period naturally emerges from the Kr

Aretaios Lalakos, Alexander Tchekhovskoy, Omer Bromberg, Ore Gottlieb

Spinning supermassive black holes (BHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) magnetically launch relativistic collimated outflows, or jets. Without angular momentum supply, such jets are thought to perish within $3$ orders of magnitude in distance from the BH, well before reaching kpc-scales. We study the survival of such jets at the largest scale separation to d

Morris Ang, Ewain Gwynne

There are many deep and useful theorems relating Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE$_\kappa$) and Liouville quantum gravity ($\gamma$-LQG) in the case when the parameters satisfy $\kappa \in \{\gamma^2, 16/\gamma^2\}$. Roughly speaking, these theorems say that the SLE$_\kappa$ curve cuts the $\gamma$-LQG surface into two or more independent $\gamma$-LQG surfaces