December 2024 arXiv papers — page 57

Jing Wang, Brian J. Rollick, Zhensheng Jia, Bernardo A. Huberman

We demonstrate for the first time the integration of O-band polarization-encoding decoy-state BB84 QKD into a C-band 20-km single-feeder fiber 32-user coherent PON running at carrier-grade power levels without modifying existing PON infrastructures.

Alexandros Deltsidis, Myrsini Kaitatzi, Laura Simonelli, Chris Stock

Intercalation of two-dimensional (2D) iron chalcogenides with molecular species requires disentangling electronic and structural contributions to understand the puzzling limit to superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) at the frontier of long interlayer separations. Here, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Se K-edge sheds light on

Yifan Yang, Shujie Liu, Jinyu Li, Hui Wang

This paper introduces Interleaved Speech-Text Language Model (IST-LM) for zero-shot streaming Text-to-Speech (TTS). Unlike many previous approaches, IST-LM is directly trained on interleaved sequences of text and speech tokens with a fixed ratio, eliminating the need for additional efforts like forced alignment or complex designs. The ratio of text chunk siz

Bishwamittra Ghosh, Sarah Hasan, Naheed Anjum Arafat, Arijit Khan

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in performing varied natural language tasks such as language translation, question-answering, summarizing, fact-checking, etc. Despite LLMs' impressive ability to generate human-like texts, LLMs are infamous for their inconsistent responses - a meaning-preserving change in th

Shima Poorgholam-Khanjari, Valentino Seferai, Paniz Foshat, Calum Rose

Tantalum (Ta) has recently received considerable attention in manufacturing robust superconducting quantum circuits. Ta offers low microwave loss, high kinetic inductance compared to aluminium (Al) and niobium (Nb), and good compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, which is essential for quantum computing applications. He

Haowen Xu, Ali Boyaci, Jianming Lian, Aaron Wilson

Detecting and analyzing complex patterns in multivariate time-series data is crucial for decision-making in urban and environmental system operations. However, challenges arise from the high dimensionality, intricate complexity, and interconnected nature of complex patterns, which hinder the understanding of their underlying physical processes. Existing AI m

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a family of RIS architectures more flexible than conventional RIS. While BD-RIS has been primarily analyzed assuming uni-polarized systems, modern wireless deployments are dual-polarized. To address this gap, this paper investigates the fundamental limits of dual-polarized BD-RIS-aided systems. W

Petr Zemánek

The Friedrichs extension of minimal linear relation being bounded below and associated with the discrete symplectic system with a special linear dependence on the spectral parameter is characterized by using recessive solutions. This generalizes a similar result obtained by Do\v{s}l\'y and Hasil for linear operators defined by infinite banded matrices corres

Tommaso Armadillo, Roberto Bonciani, Luca Buonocore, Simone Devoto

We report on the complete computation of the mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to the neutral-current Drell-Yan process. Our calculation holds in the entire range of dilepton invariant masses. We present phenomenological results for several kinematical distributions in the case of bare muons both in the resonant region and for high invariant masses. We also

Daniel Cebrián-Lacasa, Liliana Piñeros, Arno Vanderbeke, Daniel Ruiz-Reynés

Spiral waves are a well-known phenomenon in excitable media, playing critical roles in biological systems such as cardiac tissues, where they are involved in arrhythmias, and in slime molds, where they guide collective cell migration. However, their presence in the cytoplasm of cells has not been reported to date. In this study, we present the observation of

Massimiliano Nigro, Emmanuel Akinrintoyo, Nicole Salomons, Micol Spitale

Group interactions are a natural part of our daily life, and as robots become more integrated into society, they must be able to socially interact with multiple people at the same time. However, group human-robot interaction (HRI) poses unique computational challenges often overlooked in the current HRI literature. We conducted a scoping review including 44

Domenico Cantone, Gianluca Cincotti

We address the decision problem for a fragment of real analysis involving differentiable functions with continuous first derivatives. The proposed theory, besides the operators of Tarski's theory of reals, includes predicates for comparisons, monotonicity, convexity, and derivative of functions over bounded closed intervals or unbounded intervals. Our decisi

Nansen Petrosyan, Bin Sun

We initiate the study of the $L^2$-Betti numbers of group-theoretic Dehn fillings. For a broad class of virtually special groups $G$, we prove that the $L^2$-Betti numbers of sufficiently deep Dehn fillings $\overline{G}$ are equal to those of $G$. As applications, we verify the Singer Conjecture for certain Einstein manifolds, establish a virtual fibering c

Crystal Qian, Michael Xieyang Liu, Emily Reif, Grady Simon

As large language models (LLMs) grow increasingly adept at processing unstructured text data, they offer new opportunities to enhance data curation workflows. This paper explores the evolution of LLM adoption among practitioners at a large technology company, evaluating the impact of LLMs in data curation tasks through participants' perceptions, integration

Krišjānis Prūsis, Jevgēnijs Vihrovs

We show examples of total Boolean functions that depend on $n$ variables and have spectral sensitivity $\Theta(\sqrt{\log n})$, which is asymptotically minimal. Our main new function combines the Hamming code with the Boolean address function and has $\lambda(f) = \sqrt{(1+o(1)) \log_2 n}$, which is optimal even up to a constant factor. By combining this fun

Hannes Thiel

We show that every Lie ideal in a unital, properly infinite C*-algebra is commutator equivalent to a unique two-sided ideal. It follows that the Lie ideal structure of such a C*-algebra is concisely encoded by its lattice of two-sided ideals. This answers a question of Robert in this setting. We obtain similar structure results for Lie ideals in unital, real

Hasan Md Tusfiqur Alam, Devansh Srivastav, Md Abdul Kadir, Daniel Sonntag

Deep learning has advanced medical image classification, but interpretability challenges hinder its clinical adoption. This study enhances interpretability in Chest X-ray (CXR) classification by using concept bottleneck models (CBMs) and a multi-agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for report generation. By modeling relationships between visual

Jun Ma, Feifei Li, Sumin Kim, Reza Asakereh

Promptable segmentation foundation models have emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the diverse needs in medical images, but most existing models require expensive computing, posing a big barrier to their adoption in clinical practice. In this work, we organized the first international competition dedicated to promptable medical image segmentat

Ahmet M. Erturan, Jianing Liu, Maliheh A. Roueini, Nicolas Malamug

Light waves possess multiple degrees of freedom besides intensity, including phase and polarization, that often contain important information but require complex and bulky systems for their measurement. Here we report a pair of compact multifunctional photodetectors that can selectively measure the local phase gradient of, respectively, the right and left ci

Theodore Modis

The main advantage of electric vehicles, namely, their non-polluting operation, is compromised when the electricity they use comes from burning fossil fuels. The number of electric vehicles on the road is growing much faster than the amount of green electricity produced. It is forecasted that in 2037 the number of electric vehicles on the road will need an a

Timur Sattarov, Marco Schreyer, Damian Borth

The increasing demand for privacy-preserving data analytics in various domains necessitates solutions for synthetic data generation that rigorously uphold privacy standards. We introduce the DP-FedTabDiff framework, a novel integration of Differential Privacy, Federated Learning and Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models designed to generate high-fidelity

Nihar Ranjan Dash, Sanjoy Dutta, R. Srikanth, Subhashish Banerjee

Code concatenation combines two or more component codes to design larger codes with greater noise resilience. Introducing entanglement assistance to concatenated codes provides a further advantage in terms of improved error rates and beating certain bounds on codes that would otherwise be unbeatable. First, we derive the general expression for the shared ent

Jeet Singh

In the fields of computation and neuroscience, much is still unknown about the underlying computations that enable key cognitive functions including learning, memory, abstraction and behavior. This paper proposes a mathematical and computational model of learning and memory based on a small set of bio-plausible functions that include coincidence detection, s

Robert Ott, Daniel González-Cuadra, Torsten V. Zache, Peter Zoller

Many-body fermionic systems can be simulated in a hardware-efficient manner using a fermionic quantum processor. Neutral atoms trapped in optical potentials can realize such processors, where non-local fermionic statistics are guaranteed at the hardware level. Implementing quantum error correction in this setup is however challenging, due to the atom-number

Anna Nyáry, Zoltán Balogh, Botond Sánta, György Lázár

Reproducibility, endurance, driftless data retention, and fine resolution of the programmable conductance weights are key technological requirements against memristive artificial synapses in neural network applications. However, the inherent fluctuations in the active volume impose severe constraints on the weight resolution. In order to understand and push

Sebastian Niehaus, Ingo Roeder, Nico Scherf

Decentralised learning enables the training of deep learning algorithms without centralising data sets, resulting in benefits such as improved data privacy, operational efficiency and the fostering of data ownership policies. However, significant data imbalances pose a challenge in this framework. Participants with smaller datasets in distributed learning en

Xinwei Ju, Rema Daher, Razvan Caramalau, Baoru Huang

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with polyp removal being an effective early screening method. However, navigating the colon for thorough polyp detection poses significant challenges. To advance camera navigation in colonoscopy, we propose the Semantic Segmentation for Tools and Fold Edges in Colonoscopy (Se

Angelica Albertini, Viktor Skoupý, Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Alessandro Nagar

We consider a spinning test particle around a rotating black hole and compare the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon (MPD) formalism under the Tulczyjew-Dixon spin supplementary condition to the test-mass limit of the effective-one-body (EOB) Hamiltonian of [Phys. Rev. D.90, 044018(2014)], with enhanced spin-orbit sector. We focus on circular equatorial orbits: we f

Hesham El Faham, Ken Mimasu, Davide Pagani, Claudio Severi

In the Standard Model (SM), electroweak (EW) corrections become significant at high energies, particularly at the tera-electronvolt scale and beyond, due to the presence of Sudakov logarithms. At these energy scales, the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework provides an enhanced sensitivity to potential new physics effects. This motivates t

Kaiyu Yang, Gabriel Poesia, Jingxuan He, Wenda Li

AI for Mathematics (AI4Math) is not only intriguing intellectually but also crucial for AI-driven discovery in science, engineering, and beyond. Extensive efforts on AI4Math have mirrored techniques in NLP, in particular, training large language models on carefully curated math datasets in text form. As a complementary yet less explored avenue, formal mathem

Parv Agarwal, Nimesh Pinnamaneni, Thomas Heinis

DNA data storage is rapidly emerging as a promising solution for long-term data archiving, largely due to its exceptional durability. However, the synthesis of DNA strands remains a significant bottleneck in terms of cost and speed. To address this, new methods have been developed that encode information by concatenating long data-carrying DNA sequences from

Yingxu Wang, Victor Liang, Nan Yin, Siwei Liu

Classifying Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) from the vast collection of peptides derived from metagenomic sequencing offers a promising avenue for combating antibiotic resistance. However, most existing AMP classification methods rely primarily on sequence-based representations and fail to capture the spatial structural information critical for accurate identi

Pico Gilman, Steven J. Miller, Daeyoung Son, Saad Waheed

We introduce a new predator-prey model by replacing the growth and predation constant by a square matrix, and the population density as a population vector. The classical Lotka-Volterra model describes a population that either modulates or converges. Stability analysis of such models have been extensively studied by the works of Merdan (https://doi.org/10.10

Peter Hearnshaw

For bound states of atoms and molecules of $N$ electrons we consider the corresponding $K$-particle reduced density matrices, $\Gamma^{(K)}$, for $1 \le K \le N-1$. Previously, eigenvalue bounds were obtained in the case of $K=1$ and $K=N-1$ by A.V. Sobolev. The purpose of the current work is to obtain bounds in the case of $2 \le K \le N-2$. For such $K$ we

Bharadwaj Ravichandran, Alexander Lynch, Sarah Brockman, Brandon RichardWebster

Both few-shot learning and domain adaptation sub-fields in Computer Vision have seen significant recent progress in terms of the availability of state-of-the-art algorithms and datasets. Frameworks have been developed for each sub-field; however, building a common system or framework that combines both is something that has not been explored. As part of our

Maxwell Levine, Heike Mildenberger

Cummings, Foreman, and Magidor investigated the extent to which square principles are compact at singular cardinals. The first author proved that if $\kappa$ is a singular strong limit of uncountable cofinality, all scales on $\kappa$ are good, and $\square^*_\delta$ holds for all $\delta<\kappa$, then $\square_\kappa^*$ holds. In this paper we will present

Philipp Käse, Francisco Torralbo

We study the global geometry of families of tubes of constant mean curvature invariant under screw-motions in homogeneous $\mathbb{E}(\kappa,\tau)$-spaces. In particular, we study embeddedness and prove a foliation result. Moreover, we study numerically the isoperimetric profile in the compact case.

Chloe Bosomworth, Jan Forbrich, Charles J. Lada, Nelson Caldwell

From a spectroscopic survey of candidate H II regions in the Andromeda galaxy (M31) with MMT/Hectospec, we have identified 294 H II regions using emission line ratios and calculated elemental abundances from strong-line diagnostics (values ranging from sub-solar to super-solar) producing both Oxygen and Nitrogen radial abundance gradients. The Oxygen gradien

S. S. Agaev, K. Azizi, H. Sundu

The scalar tetraquarks $T_{b}$ and $T_{c}$ with asymmetric contents $bb \overline{b}\overline{c}$ and $cc \overline{c}\overline{b}$ are explored using the QCD sum rule method. These states are modeled as the diquark-antidiquarks composed of the axial-vector components. The masses and current couplings of $T_{b}$ and $T_{c}$ are calculated using the two-point

Svetlana Boyarchenko, Sergei Levendorskiǐ

We use modifications of the Adams method and very fast and accurate sinh-acceleration method of the Fourier inversion (iFT) (S.Boyarchenko and Levendorski\u{i}, IJTAF 2019, v.22) to evaluate prices of vanilla options; for options of moderate and long maturities and strikes not very far from the spot, thousands of prices can be calculated in several msec. wit

Matteo Carducci, Roberto Colombo

We establish generic regularity results of free boundaries for solutions of the obstacle problem for the fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta)^s$. We prove that, for almost every obstacle, the free boundary contains only regular points up to dimension $3$, for every $s\in(0,1)$. To do so, we extend some results on the fine structure of the free boundary to the cas

Thomas Klausch, Birgit I. Lissenberg-Witte, Veerle M. Coupé

We present BayesPIM, a Bayesian prevalence-incidence mixture model for estimating time- and covariate-dependent disease incidence from screening and surveillance data. The method is particularly suited to settings where some individuals may have the disease at baseline, baseline tests may be missing or incomplete, and the screening test has imperfect test se

Humza Ikram, Rumaisa Habib, Muaz Ali, Zartash Afzal Uzmi

Online services that desire to operate anonymously routinely host themselves as 'Hidden Services' in the Tor network. However, these services are frequently threatened by deanonymization attacks, whereby their IP address and location may be inferred by the authorities. We present VaulTor, a novel architecture for the Tor network to ensure an extra layer of s

Jacob J. M. Francis, Colin J. Cotter, Marion P. Mittermaier

An optimal transport (OT) problem seeks to find the cheapest mapping between two distributions with equal total density, given the cost of transporting density from one place to another. Unbalanced OT allows for different total density in each distribution. This is the typical setting for precipitation forecast and observation data, when considering the dens

Arnau Lira-Solanilla, Xhek Turkeshi, Silvia Pappalardi

Monitored quantum circuits have attracted significant interest as an example of synthetic quantum matter, intrinsically defined by their quantum information content. Here, we propose a multipartite entanglement perspective on monitored phases through the lens of quantum Fisher information. Our findings reveal that unstructured monitored random circuits fail

Dario Di Dario, Stefano Lambiase, Fabio Palomba, Carmine Gravino

Context: Software development is a complex socio-technical process requiring a deep understanding of various aspects. In order to support practitioners in understanding such a complex activity, repository process metrics, like number of pull requests and issues, emerged as crucial for evaluating CI/CD workflows and guiding informed decision-making. The resea

Simon Bliudze, Giuseppe De Palma, Saverio Giallorenzo, Ivan Lanese

Modern cloud-native systems require adapting dynamically to changing operational conditions, including service outages, traffic surges, and evolving user requirements. While existing benchmarks provide valuable testbeds for performance and scalability evaluation, they lack explicit support for studying adaptation mechanisms, reconfiguration strategies, and g

Sebastian Töpfel, Jan M. Pawlowski, Jens Braun

We compute meson spectral functions at finite temperature and density in the quark-meson model, supplemented with a computation of the phase diagram. In particular, we provide a detailed analysis of the non-analytic structure of the meson two-point functions which is of great relevance for phenomenological applications, such as moat regimes and inhomogeneous

Robin Coutelier, Jakob Rath, Michael Rawson, Armin Biere

Automated reasoners, such as SAT/SMT solvers and first-order provers, are becoming the backbones of rigorous systems engineering, being used for example in applications of system verification, program synthesis, and cybersecurity. Automation in these domains crucially depends on the efficiency of the underlying reasoners towards finding proofs and/or counter

Paolo Arnaudo, Giulio Bonelli, Alessandro Tanzini

We propose a method to perform an exact calculation of one-loop quantum corrections to black hole entropy in terms of Virasoro semiclassical blocks. We analyse in detail four-dimensional Kerr black hole and show that in the near-extremal limit a branch of long-lived modes arises. We prove that the contribution of these modes accounts for a $(s-1/2)\log T_{\t

Diego Noja, Raffaele Scandone

We consider Schr\"odinger operators on a bounded domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^3$, with homogeneous Robin or Dirichlet boundary conditions on $\partial\Omega$ and a point (zero-range) interaction placed at an interior point of $\Omega$. We show that, under suitable spectral assumptions, and by means of an extension-restriction procedure which exploit the

Andreas F. Holmsen, Grace McCourt, Daniel McGinnis, Shira Zerbib

We prove a generalization of the topological Tverberg theorem. One special instance of our general theorem is the following: Let $\Delta$ denote the 8-dimensional simplex viewed as an abstract simplicial complex, and suppose that its vertices are arranged in a $3\times 3$ array. Then for any continuous map $f:\Delta \to \mathbb{R}^3$ it is possible to partit

Joscha Prochno, Christoph Thaele, Philipp Tuchel

Let $\mathbb{B}_p^N$ be the $N$-dimensional unit ball corresponding to the $\ell_p$-norm. For each $N\in\mathbb N$ we sample a uniform random subspace $E_N$ of fixed dimension $m\in\mathbb{N}$ and consider the volume of $\mathbb{B}_p^N$ projected onto $E_N$ or intersected with $E_N$. We also consider geometric quantities other than the volume such as the int

Niklas Zorbach, Adrian Koenigstein, Jens Braun

Within the Functional Renormalisation Group (FRG) approach, we present a fluid-dynamical approach to solving flow equations for models living in a multi-dimensional field space. To this end, the underlying exact flow equation of the effective potential is reformulated as a set of nonlinear advection-diffusion-type equations which can be solved using the Kurg

Wen-Long Zhang, Shuang-Xi Yi, Yuan-Chuan Zou, Fa-Yin Wang

The very high-energy afterglow in GRB 221009A, known as the ``brightest of all time'' (BOAT), has been thoroughly analyzed in previous studies. In this paper, we conducted a statistical analysis of the waiting time behavior of 172 TeV photons from the BOAT observed by LHAASO-KM2A. The following results were obtained: (I) The waiting time distribution (WTD) o

Eric Oevermann, Adrian Koenigstein, Stefan Floerchinger

Quantum Chromodynamics in two spacetime dimensions is investigated with the Functional Renormalization Group. We use a functional formulation with covariant gauge fixing and derive Renormalization Group flow equations for the gauge coupling, quark mass and an algebraically complete set of local fermion-fermion interaction vertices. The flow, based on a conve

Shaoyan Pan, Yikang Liu, Lin Zhao, Eric Z. Chen

The accurate segmentation of guidewires in interventional cardiac fluoroscopy videos is crucial for computer-aided navigation tasks. Although deep learning methods have demonstrated high accuracy and robustness in wire segmentation, they require substantial annotated datasets for generalizability, underscoring the need for extensive labeled data to enhance m

Domenico Bonocore, Anna Kulesza, Johannes Pirsch

A generalization of Wilson line operators at subleading power in the soft expansion has been recently introduced as an efficient building block of gravitational scattering amplitudes for non-spinning objects. The classical limit in this picture corresponds to the strict Regge limit, where the Post-Minkowskian (PM) expansion corresponds to the soft expansion,

S. Caroff, C. Pfeifer, J. Bolmont, T. Terzić

The fact that the standard dispersion relation for photons in vacuum could be modified because of their interaction with the quantum nature of spacetime has been proposed more than two decades ago. A quantitative model [Jacob \& Piran, JCAP 01, 031 (2008)], has been tested extensively using distant highly energetic astrophysical sources, searching for energy

I. J. Arnquist, F. T. Avignone, A. S. Barabash, E. Blalock

The Majorana Demonstrator was an ultra-low-background experiment designed for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) investigation in $^{76}$Ge. Located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, the Demonstrator utilized modular high-purity Ge detector arrays within shielded vacuum cryostats, operating deep underground. T

Henry Cording, Yves Plancherel, Pablo Brito-Parada

Very high resolution (VHR) mapping through remote sensing (RS) imagery presents a new opportunity to inform decision-making and sustainable practices in countless domains. Efficient processing of big VHR data requires automated tools applicable to numerous geographic regions and features. Contemporary RS studies address this challenge by employing deep learn

Jamie A. Potter, Laith Meti, Gemma Chapman, Ed Romans

SQUID-embedded superconducting resonators are of great interest due to their potential for coupling highly scalable superconducting circuits with quantum memories based on solid-state spin ensembles. Such an application requires a high-$Q$, frequency-tuneable resonator which is both resilient to magnetic field, and able to operate at millikelvin temperatures

Valentin John, Cécile X. Yu, Barnaby van Straaten, Esteban A. Rodríguez-Mena

Quantum computers require the systematic operation of qubits with high fidelity. For holes in germanium, the spin-orbit interaction allows for \textit{in situ} electric fast and high-fidelity qubit gates. However, the interaction also causes a large qubit variability due to strong g-tensor anisotropy and dependence on the environment. Here, we leverage advan

Divya Acharya, Prasanna Poojary, Vadiraja Bhatta G R

Let $p$ be an odd prime. In this paper, we have determined the Hamming distances for constacyclic codes of length $2p^s$ over the finite commutative non-chain ring $\mathcal{R}=\frac{\mathbb{F}_{p^m}[u, v]}{\langle u^2, v^2, uv-vu\rangle}$. Also their symbol-pair distances are completely obtained.

Jan Biedermann, Lukas Janssen

We argue that moir\'e bilayer graphene at charge neutrality hosts a continuous semimetal-to-insulator quantum phase transition that can be accessed experimentally by tuning the twist angle between the two layers. For small twist angles near the first magic angle, the system realizes a Kramers intervalley-coherent insulator, characterized by circulating curre

Josef Richter, Lucas Sá, Masudul Haque

The Lindblad description of an open quantum system gives rise to two types of integrability, since the nonequilibrium steady state can be integrable independently of the Liouvillian. Taking boundary-driven and dephasing spin chains as a representative example, we discriminate Liouvillian and steady-state chaos by combining level spacing statistics and an ext

Brennan Schaffner, Yaretzi Ulloa, Riya Sahni, Jiatong Li

Prior work on dark patterns, or manipulative online interfaces, suggests they have potentially detrimental effects on user autonomy. Dark pattern features, like those designed for attention capture, can potentially extend platform sessions beyond that users would have otherwise intended. Existing research, however, has not formally measured the quantitative

Jiadong Pan, Liang Li, Hongcheng Gao, Zheng-Jun Zha

Diffusion models (DMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in text-to-image tasks, leading to their widespread use. With the introduction of classifier-free guidance (CFG), the quality of images generated by DMs is significantly improved. However, one can use DMs to generate more harmful images by maliciously guiding the image generation process throug

Ritwik Raj Saxena

Concerns associated with occupational health and safety (OHS) remain critical and often under-addressed aspects of workforce management. This is especially true for high-risk industries such as manufacturing, construction, and mining. Such industries dominate the economy of India which is a developing country with a vast informal sector. Regulatory framework

Matthew Reinhard, Zachary Slepian, Jiamin Hou, Alessandro Greco

Recent measurements of the galaxy 4-Point Correlation Function (4PCF) have seemingly detected non-zero parity-odd modes at high significance. Since gravity, the primary driver of galaxy formation and evolution is parity-even, any parity violation, if genuine, is likely to have been produced by some new parity-violating mechanism in the early Universe. Here w

Rachael Stewart, George A. Younes, Alice K. Harding, Zorawar Wadiasingh

We report on IXPE and NuSTAR observations beginning forty days after the 2024 outburst onset of magnetar 1E 1841-045, marking the first IXPE observation of a magnetar in an enhanced state. Our spectropolarimetric analysis indicates that both a blackbody (BB) plus double power-law (PL) and a double blackbody plus power-law spectral model fit the phase-average

Félix Foutel-Rodier

We consider a general class of branching processes in discrete time, where particles have types belonging to a Polish space and reproduce independently according to their type. If the process is critical and the mean distribution of types converges for large times, we prove that the tree structure of the process converges to the Brownian Continuum Random Tre

Jeroen Ooge, Arno Vanneste, Maxwell Szymanski, Katrien Verbert

E-learning platforms that personalise content selection with AI are often criticised for lacking transparency and controllability. Researchers have therefore proposed solutions such as open learner models and letting learners select from ranked recommendations, which engage learners before or after the AI-supported selection process. However, little research

Jingtao You, Linghao Song, Hong-Jian He, Chengcheng Han

The neutrino mass generation via conventional seesaw mechanism is realized at high scales around $O(10^{14})$GeV with natural Yukawa couplings of $O(1)$, making the test of neutrino seesaw a great challenge. It is intriguing to note that the neutrino seesaw scale is typically around the upper range of the cosmological inflation scale. In this work, we propos

Benedikt Bollig, Matthias Függer, Thomas Nowak

We present a Python-based framework for event-log prediction in streaming mode, enabling predictions while data is being generated by a business process. The framework allows for easy integration of streaming algorithms, including language models like n-grams and LSTMs, and for combining these predictors using ensemble methods. Using our framework, we conduc

Giovanni S. Alberti, Ernesto De Vito, Tapio Helin, Matti Lassas

This paper introduces a novel approach to learning sparsity-promoting regularizers for solving linear inverse problems. We develop a bilevel optimization framework to select an optimal synthesis operator, denoted as $B$, which regularizes the inverse problem while promoting sparsity in the solution. The method leverages statistical properties of the underlyi

A. I. Milstein, I. S. Terekhov

The non-stationary Aharonov-Bohm effect (scattering of electron in the field of a narrow solenoid with alternating current) is considered. Using the eikonal approximation, the wave function of electron, the differential and total scattering cross sections are found. Unlike the case of direct current, the total cross section in the case of alternating current

Jungho Lee, Suhwan Cho, Taeoh Kim, Ho-Deok Jang

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has attracted significant attention for its high-quality novel view rendering, inspiring research to address real-world challenges. While conventional methods depend on sharp images for accurate scene reconstruction, real-world scenarios are often affected by defocus blur due to finite depth of field, making it essential to accou

Jacek Jendrej, Andrew Lawrie

We consider a real scalar field equation in dimension 1+1 with an even, positive self-interaction potential having two non-degenerate zeros (vacua) 1 and -1. Such a model admits non-trivial static solutions called kinks and antikinks. We define a kink n-cluster to be a solution approaching, for large positive times, a superposition of n alternating kinks and

Ana Cristina Barroso, Elvira Zappale

A measure representation result for a functional modelling optimal design problems for plastic deformations, under linear growth conditions, is obtained. Departing from an energy with a bulk term depending on the deformation gradient and its derivatives, as well as a perimeter term, the functional in question corresponds to the relaxation of this energy with

Miguel Escobedo, Pierre Germain, Joonhyun La, Angeliki Menegaki

We consider the kinetic wave equation, or phonon Boltzmann equation, set on the torus (physical system set on the lattice). We describe entropy maximizers for fixed mass and energy; our framework is very general, being valid in any dimension, for any dispersion relation, and even including the quantum kinetic wave equation. Of particular interest is the pres

Quynh Vu Truc, Minh Ha Hien, Hai Vu Tuan

Vietnam is viewed as one of the promising markets for electric vehicles (EVs), especially automobiles, when it is predicted to reach 1 million in 2028 and 3.5 million in 2040. However, the lack of charging station infrastructure has hindered the growth rate of EVs in this country. This study aims to propose an optimization model using Mixed-Integer Nonlinear

Kilian Brenner, Francesco Guatieri, Christoph Hugenschmidt

The measurement of the 2D-Angular Correlation of Electron Positron Annihilation Radiation (ACAR) provides unique information about the bulk electronic structure of single crystals. We set up a new prototype for 2D-ACAR measurements using two 24 x 24 (26.8 mm x 26.8 mm) pixelated LYSO scintillation crystals in combination with a glass light guide and 8 x 8 (2

Ricard Ravell Rodríguez, Simon Morelli

When estimating an unknown phase rotation of a continuous-variable system with homodyne detection, the optimal probe state strongly depends on the value of the estimated parameter. In this article, we identify the optimal pure single-mode Gaussian probe states depending on the knowledge of the estimated phase parameter before the measurement. We find that fo

Eddie L. Ungless, Nikolas Vitsakis, Zeerak Talat, James Garforth

There is a significant body of work looking at the ethical considerations of large language models (LLMs): critiquing tools to measure performance and harms; proposing toolkits to aid in ideation; discussing the risks to workers; considering legislation around privacy and security etc. As yet there is no work that integrates these resources into a single pra

Alexander Erlich, Giuseppe Zurlo

Morphogenesis, the process of growth and shape formation in biological tissues, is driven by complex interactions between mechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors. Traditional models of biological growth often rely on the concept of homeostatic Eshelby stress, which defines an ideal target state for the growing body. Any local deviation from this state t

Daniel Gillies, Andrea Banfi, Adam Martin, Matthew A. Lim

We investigate the impact of dimension-8 operators on $W^+W^-$ production at the LHC for the incoming gluon-gluon channel. To this end, we have identified all dimension-8 CP-even operators contributing to the process in question, and computed the corresponding tree-level helicity amplitudes for fully-leptonic decays of the $W$ bosons. These are implemented i

Péter Csikvári, Ivan Damnjanović, Dragan Stevanović, Stephan Wagner

The spectral radius of a graph is the spectral radius of its adjacency matrix. A threshold graph is a simple graph whose vertices can be ordered as $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_n$, so that for each $2 \le i \le n$, vertex $v_i$ is either adjacent or nonadjacent simultaneously to all of $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_{i-1}$. Brualdi and Hoffman initially posed and then partial

Katie Clinch, Dániel Garamvölgyi, John Haslegrave, Tony Huynh

A (2-dimensional) realisation of a graph $G$ is a pair $(G,p)$, where $p$ maps the vertices of $G$ to $\mathbb{R}^2$. A realisation is flexible if it can be continuously deformed while keeping the edge lengths fixed, and rigid otherwise. We say that $G$ is rigid if every generic realisation of $G$ is rigid; otherwise, $G$ is flexible. In this paper, we inves

Angel Rosado, Mario Benites, Efstratios Manousakis

We detail our implementation of the random-phase-approximation based functional (RPAF) derived in our previous publication [Phys. Rev. B 110, 195151 (2024)] for the QUANTUM ESPRESSO (QE) package. We also make available the source files required in order to apply this functional within QE. We also provide the corresponding RPAF projector augmented wave (PAW)

Maarten Derickx, Filip Najman

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a quartic field $K$. By the Mordell-Weil theorem, $E(K)$ is a finitely generated group. We determine all the possibilities for the torsion group $E(K)_{tor}$ where $K$ ranges over all quartic fields $K$ and $E$ ranges over all elliptic curves over $K$. We show that there are no sporadic torsion groups, or in other words, tha

Fernando Pedraza, Jan Christian Hauffen, Fabian Jaensch, Shuangyang Li

Devices in a device-to-device (D2D) network operating in sub-THz frequencies require knowledge of the spatial channel that connects them to their peers. Acquiring such high dimensional channel state information entails large overhead, which drastically increases with the number of network devices. In this paper, we propose an accelerated method to achieve ne

Eloise Mougel, Marco Palombo, Julien Valette

Lactate is crucial in the brain, as it is involved in neuronal activity and memory formation. This is thought to be related to the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis (ANLS), which has been debated for 30 years, not least because it is difficult to measure lactate compartmentation and exchange in vivo. In particular, while ANLS requires transfer of l

Mahdi Bornadel, Sara Shafiei Alavijeh, Farhad Rasekh, Nasser Gohari Kamel

We use spectral hole burning to investigate spin dynamics within the electronic Zeeman sublevels of the ground state of the erbium ions in erbium-doped fibers (EDF). Conducted at ultra-low temperatures and under varying magnetic fields, our study reveals distinct changes in spin relaxation dynamics across different conditions. We identified three decay compo

Jingwen Li, Michael Turaev, Masakazu Matsubara, Kristin Kliemt

Phase transitions are fundamental in nature. A small parameter change near a critical point leads to a qualitative change in system properties. Across a regular phase transition, the system remains in thermal equilibrium and, therefore, experiences a change of static properties, like the emergence of a magnetisation upon cooling a ferromagnet below the Curie

Paul Schreivogl, Richard Schweiger

The techniques developed for matrix models and fuzzy geometry are powerful tools for representing strings and membranes in quantum physics. We study the representation of fuzzy surfaces using these techniques. This involves constructing graphs and writing their coordinates and connectivity into matrices. To construct arbitrary graphs and quickly change them,

Michael Berhanu, Amit Dawadi, Martin Chaigne, Jérôme Jovet

We show that floating ice blocks with asymmetric shapes can self-propel with significant speeds due to buoyancy driven currents caused by melting. In water baths with temperatures between $10\,^\circ$C and $30\,^\circ$C, model right-angle ice wedges are found to move in the direction opposite to the gravity current which descends along the longest inclined s

Fabian A. Harang, Fred Espen Benth, Fride Straum

We present a novel perspective on the universal approximation theorem for rough path functionals, introducing a polynomial-based approximation class. We extend universal approximation to non-geometric rough paths within the tensor algebra. This development addresses critical needs in finance, where no-arbitrage conditions necessitate It\^o integration. Furth

Zafar Normatov

In this paper, we introduce the notion of compatible anti-pre-Lie algebras and study relationship between them and the related structures such as anti-$\mathcal{O}$-operators, commutative $2$-cocycles on compatible Lie algebras. Moreover, we give the classification of $2$-dimensional compatible anti-pre-Lie algebras from the classification of anti-pre-Lie al

John D. Norton

This relativistic, time-travel spacetime is everywhere metrically flat, excepting a conical singularity. Observers following timelike geodesics can eventually encounter their past selves, aging in the opposite time sense. The spacetime is not time-orientable.