March 2025 arXiv papers — page 37

Hannah Kim, Sofia Martinez, Jason Lee

The ability to extract compact, meaningful summaries from large-scale and multimodal data is critical for numerous applications, ranging from video analytics to medical reports. Prior methods in cross-modal summarization have often suffered from high computational overheads and limited interpretability. In this paper, we propose a \textit{Cross-Modal State-S

Songci Xu, Qiangqiang Cheng, Chi-Guhn Lee

In the realm of stock prediction, machine learning models encounter considerable obstacles due to the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio and the nonstationary nature of financial markets. These challenges often result in spurious correlations and unstable predictive relationships, leading to poor performance of models when applied to out-of-sample (OOS) doma

Chris Santos-Lang

This paper contributes a new way to evaluate AI. Much as one might evaluate a machine in terms of its performance at chess, this approach involves evaluating a machine in terms of its performance at a game called "MAD Chairs". At the time of writing, evaluation with this game exposed opportunities to improve Claude, Gemini, ChatGPT, Qwen and DeepSeek. Furthe

Yonggang Jiang, Chaitanya Nalam, Thatchaphol Saranurak, Sorrachai Yingchareonthawornchai

We give a deterministic algorithm for computing a global minimum vertex cut in a vertex-weighted graph $n$ vertices and $m$ edges in $\widehat O(mn)$ time. This breaks the long-standing $\widehat \Omega(n^{4})$-time barrier in dense graphs, achievable by trivially computing all-pairs maximum flows. Up to subpolynomial factors, we match the fastest randomized

U. C. Perera, H. W. T. Morgan, Eric R. Hudson, Andrei Derevianko

Recent advances in laser excitation of the low-energy nuclear isomer transition in $^{229}$Th have opened avenues for developing nuclear clocks, a novel quantum technology with exceptional performance and sensitivity to exotic physics. Here we explore the host-dependence of the nuclear clock frequency, focusing on the isomer shift induced by the difference i

Julia Frank, Johan van Lierop, Robert L. Stamps

Artificial spin ice systems are metamaterials composed of interacting nanomagnets arranged on a lattice, exhibiting geometrical frustration and emergent phenomena such as monopole excitations. We explore magnetization dynamics and monopole current control in square artificial spin ice with added vertical control elements. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we ex

Kirpa Garg, Sartaj Ul Hasan, Chunlei Li, Hridesh Kumar

This paper considers permutation polynomials over the finite field $F_{q^2}$ in even characteristic by utilizing low-degree permutation rational functions over $F_q$. As a result, we obtain two classes of permutation binomials and six classes of permutation pentanomials over $F_{q^2}$. Additionally, we show that the obtained binomials and pentanomials are qu

Chiara Spiniello, Mario Radovich, Anna Ferré-Mateu, Roberto De Propris

We report the discovery of emission lines in the optical spectra of ultra-compact massive galaxies (UCMGs) from INSPIRE, including relics, which are the oldest galaxies in the Universe. Emission-lines diagnostic diagrams suggest that all these UCMGs, independently of their star formation histories, are `retired galaxies'. They are inconsistent with being sta

Aniket Patel, Akshay Gaikwad, Tangyou Huang, Anton Frisk Kockum

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a crucial tool for characterizing quantum states. However, QST becomes impractical for reconstructing multi-qubit density matrices since data sets and computational costs grow exponentially with qubit number. In this Letter, we introduce selective and efficient QST (SEEQST), an approach for efficiently estimating multiple se

Yiqiao Jin, Stefano Petrangeli, Yu Shen, Gang Wu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents are autonomous systems that interpret and generate actions, enabling intelligent user assistance and automation. Effective training of these agent presents unique challenges, such as sparsity in supervision signals, scalability for large datasets, and the need for nuanced user understanding. We propose stateful screen sc

Svetlana Poznanović, Owen Cardwell, Christine Heitsch

Prior results for tRNA and 5S rRNA demonstrated that secondary structure prediction accuracy can be significantly improved by modifying the parameters in the multibranch loop entropic penalty function. However, for reasons not well understood at the time, the scale of improvement possible across both families was well below the level for each family when con

Junfei Wang, Pirathayini Srikantha

Real-time price signals and power generation levels (disaggregated or aggregated) are commonly made available to the public by Independent System Operators (ISOs) to promote efficiency and transparency. However, they may inadvertently reveal crucial private information about the power grid, such as the cost functions of generators. Adversaries can exploit th

Hongbo Li, Lingjie Duan

In modern resource-sharing systems, multiple agents access limited resources with unknown stochastic conditions to perform tasks. When multiple agents access the same resource (arm) simultaneously, they compete for successful usage, leading to contention and reduced rewards. This motivates our study of competitive multi-armed bandit (CMAB) games. In this pap

Christian Parkinson, Adan Baca

We present an algorithm for a multi-agent path planning problem with pattern coordination based on dynamic programming and a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. This falls broadly into the class of partial differential equation (PDE) based optimal path planning methods, which give a black-box-free alternative to machine learning hierarchies. Due to the high-di

Solen Balman, Marina Orio, Gerardo J. M. Luna

Accreting white dwarf binaries (AWDs) comprise cataclysmic variables (CVs), symbiotics, AM CVns, and other related systems that host a primary white dwarf (WD) accreting from a main sequence or evolved companion star. AWDs are a product of close binary evolution; thus, they are important for understanding the evolution and population of X-ray binaries in the

Ahmed Dughayshim, Silvino Reyes Farina, Armin Schikorra

For $s \in (\frac{1}{2},1]$ we investigate well-posedness of the equation \[ \left ( i \partial_t + (-\Delta)^{s} \right ) u = \left (|D|^{1-2s} |u|^2 \right)\ |D|^{2s-1} u \] under small initial data $\|u(0)\|_{H^{\frac{n-2s}{2}}(\mathbb{R}^n)} \ll 1$. This equation is a model equation for for $s$-Schr\"odinger map equation \[ \partial_t \psi = \psi \wedge

I. Bhaduri, A. Jaman, W. Quiñonez, A. Gupta

One promising approach to combat the rapidly escalating computational demands is to use networks of naturally stochastic units called probabilistic bits (p-bits). To date, hardware implementations of p-bits have predominantly relied on thermally unstable nanomagnets. However, the search continues for alternative material platforms exhibiting easily accessibl

David Garfinkle

We propose a method for recognizing null singularities in a computer simulation that uses a foliation by spacelike surfaces. The method involves harmonic time slicing as well as rescaled tetrad variables. As a ``proof of concept'' we show that the method works in Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime.

Jacob Morrier, Rafal Kocielnik, R. Michael Alvarez

Online platforms take proactive measures to detect and address undesirable behavior, aiming to focus these resource-intensive efforts where such behavior is most prevalent. This article considers the problem of efficient sampling for toxicity detection in competitive online video games. To make optimal monitoring decisions, video game service operators need

David Wong, Bin Wang, Gorkem Durak, Marouane Tliba

The demand for high-quality synthetic data for model training and augmentation has never been greater in medical imaging. However, current evaluations predominantly rely on computational metrics that fail to align with human expert recognition. This leads to synthetic images that may appear realistic numerically but lack clinical authenticity, posing signifi

Brian Nelson, Hussein Moradi, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny

A new form of the filter bank multi-carrier spread spectrum (FBMC-SS) waveform is presented. This new waveform modifies the filtered multi-tone spread spectrum (FMT-SS) system, and is intended to whiten the power spectral density (PSD) of the transmit signal. In the conventional FMT-SS, subcarrier bands are non-overlapping, leaving a spectral null between th

Alexander Kostinski, Glenn Ierley, Sarah Kostinski

Linear least squares (LLS) is perhaps the most common method of data analysis, dating back to Legendre, Gauss and Laplace. Framed as linear regression, LLS is also a backbone of mathematical statistics. Here we report on an unexpected new connection between LLS and random walks. To that end, we introduce the notion of a random walk based on a discrete sequen

S. Alex Rautu, Alexandra Zidovska, David Saintillan, Michael J. Shelley

The genome contains genetic information essential for cell's life. The genome's spatial organization inside the cell nucleus is critical for its proper function including gene regulation. The two major genomic compartments -- euchromatin and heterochromatin -- contain largely transcriptionally active and silenced genes, respectively, and exhibit distinct dyn

Siddharth Dangwal, Suhas Vittal, Lennart Maximillian Seifert, Frederic T. Chong

Quantum computing roadmaps predict the availability of 10,000 qubit devices within the next 3-5 years. With projected two-qubit error rates of 0.1%, these systems will enable certain operations under quantum error correction (QEC) using lightweight codes, offering significantly improved fidelities compared to the NISQ era. However, the high qubit cost of QEC

Samantha Roth, Sanjib Sharma, Atieh Alipour, Klaus Keller

Riverine flooding poses significant risks. Developing strategies to manage flood risks requires flood projections with decision-relevant scales and well-characterized uncertainties, often at high spatial resolutions. However, calibrating high-resolution flood models can be computationally prohibitive. To address this challenge, we propose a probabilistic dow

James G. Champlain, Vikrant J. Gokhale, Matthew T. Hardy, Eric N. Jin

A method for modeling the full steady-state and small-signal behavior of practical capacitive structures, such as metal-insulator-metal capacitors, diodes, and transistors, is presented. Simple lumped element models fail to properly represent the behavior of most practical structures, resulting in incorrect electronic material property extraction and evaluat

Arnav Arora, Srishti Yadav, Maria Antoniak, Serge Belongie

Automated frame analysis of political communication is a popular task in computational social science that is used to study how authors select aspects of a topic to frame its reception. So far, such studies have been narrow, in that they use a fixed set of pre-defined frames and focus only on the text, ignoring the visual contexts in which those texts appear

Joss Moorkens, Andy Way, Séamus Lankford

While the previous chapters have shown how machine translation (MT) can be useful, in this chapter we discuss some of the side-effects and risks that are associated, and how they might be mitigated. With the move to neural MT and approaches using Large Language Models (LLMs), there is an associated impact on climate change, as the models built by multination

Davide Franco, Alessandra Sarti

We give two explicit versions of the decomposition theorem of Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne applied to the universal family of quartic surfaces of $\mathbb{P}^3$. The starting point of our investigation is the remark that the nodes of a quartic surface impose independent conditions to the linear system $\mid \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb P^3}(4)\mid$. Although thi

Nick Willemstein, Mohammad Ebrahim Imanian, Herman van der Kooij, Ali Sadeghi

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a promising solution for handling the complexity of fabricating soft robots. However, the AM of hyperelastic materials is still challenging with a limited material range. Within this work, pellet-based 3D printing of very soft thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) was explored (down to Shore Hardness 00-30). Our results show that TPE

Yiwen Zheng, Agni K. Biswal, Yaqi Guo, Prakash Thakolkaran

Vitrimer is an emerging class of sustainable polymers with self-healing capabilities enabled by dynamic covalent adaptive networks. However, their limited molecular diversity constrains their property space and potential applications. Recent development in machine learning (ML) techniques accelerates polymer design by predicting properties and virtually scre

Marcello Malagutti, Alberto Parmeggiani, Davide Tramontana

The aim of this work is to develop the H\"ormander microlocal theory in the isotropic framework and use the results we obtain to study the propagation of singularities for an evolution problem, with diffusive part given by a Weyl-quantization of a complex quadratic form on the phase space.

Jagdeep Singh, Vaidy Sivaraman

A class $\mathcal{G}$ of graphs is hereditary if it is closed under taking induced subgraphs. We investigate the edge-add class, $\mathcal{G}^{\mathrm{add}}$, consisting of graphs that can be made members of $\mathcal{G}$ by adding at most one edge. While it is known that the operations of vertex deletion and edge deletion preserve the finiteness of forbidde

Julia Ive, Felix Jozsa, Nick Jackson, Paulina Bondaronek

Background: Clinical guidelines are central to safe evidence-based medicine in modern healthcare, providing diagnostic criteria, treatment options and monitoring advice for a wide range of illnesses. LLM-empowered chatbots have shown great promise in Healthcare Q&A tasks, offering the potential to provide quick and accurate responses to medical inquiries. Ou

Caspar Meijer, Jiyue Huang, Shreshtha Sharma, Elena Lazovik

Federated learning (FL) for time series forecasting (TSF) enables clients with privacy-sensitive time series (TS) data to collaboratively learn accurate forecasting models, for example, in energy load prediction. Unfortunately, privacy risks in FL persist, as servers can potentially reconstruct clients' training data through gradient inversion attacks (GIA).

C. M. A. Zanoletti, C. D. Leonard

To mitigate the severe information loss arising from widely adopted linear scale cuts in constraints on modified gravity parameterisations with Weak Lensing (WL) and Large-Scale Structure (LSS) data, we introduce a novel alternative method for data reduction. This Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based framework extracts key features in the matter power sp

Yutong Song, Chenhan Lyu, Pengfei Zhang, Sabine Brunswicker

Mild-stage dementia patients primarily experience two critical symptoms: severe memory loss and emotional instability. To address these challenges, we propose DEMENTIA-PLAN, an innovative retrieval-augmented generation framework that leverages large language models to enhance conversational support. Our model employs a multiple knowledge graph architecture,

Bjorn Larsen, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Paul T. Baker, Jeffrey S. Hazboun

The International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA)'s second data release (IPTA DR2) combines decades of observations of 65 millisecond pulsars from 7 radio telescopes. IPTA datasets should be the most sensitive datasets to nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs), but take years to assemble, often excluding valuable recent data. To address this, we introduce the IPTA "

Haniya Azam, Catherine Cannizzo, Heather Lee, Chiu-Chu Melissa Liu

For any positive integer $g$, we introduce the moduli space $\mathcal{A}^F_g =[\mathcal{H}_g/P_g(\mathbb{Z})]$ parametrizing $g$-dimensional principally polarized abelian varieties $V_\tau$ together with a Strominger-Yau-Zalsow (SYZ) fibration, where $\tau \in \mathcal{H}_g$ is the genus-$g$ Seigel upper half space and $P_g(\mathbb{Z}) \subset \mathrm{Sp}(2g

William Claster, Suhas KM, Dhairya Gundechia

We propose Adaptive Integrated Layered Attention (AILA), a neural network architecture that combines dense skip connections with different mechanisms for adaptive feature reuse across network layers. We evaluate AILA on three challenging tasks: price forecasting for various commodities and indices (S&P 500, Gold, US dollar Futures, Coffee, Wheat), image reco

R. Alfaro, M. Araya, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas

Gamma-ray binaries are systems composed of a compact object orbiting a massive companion star. The interaction between these two objects can drive relativistic outflows, either jets or winds, in which particles can be accelerated to energies reaching hundreds of tera-electronvolts (TeV). It is however still debated where and under which physical conditions p

Simo Pajovic, Charles Roques-Carmes, Seou Choi, Steven E. Kooi

In X-ray tubes, more than 99% of the kilowatts of power supplied to generate X-rays via bremsstrahlung are lost in the form of heat generation in the anode. Therefore, thermal management is a critical barrier to the development of more powerful X-ray tubes with higher brightness and spatial coherence, which are needed to translate imaging modalities such as

Artur E. Semushin, Evgeny Yu. Soldatov, Anastasia S. Kurova

The main goal of modern experiments in high-energy physics area is to find deviations from the Standard Model, the theoretical framework which describes data well but is expected to be extended to a more general theory. The anomalous coupling approach provides an opportunity to look for a wide range of new physics effects in different experimental signatures

A. Giannetti, S. Leurini, E. Schisano, V. Casasola

Almost all the physics of star formation critically depends on the number density of the molecular gas. However, the methods to estimate this key property often rely on uncertain assumptions about geometry, depend on overly simplistic uniform models, or require time-expensive observations to constrain the gas temperature as well. An easy-to-use method to der

Laís P. V. Vossen, Isabela Gasparini, Elaine H. T. Oliveira, Berrit Czinczel

Due to their versatility, concept maps are used in various educational settings and serve as tools that enable educators to comprehend students' knowledge construction. An essential component for analyzing a concept map is its structure, which can be categorized into three distinct types: spoke, network, and chain. Understanding the predominant structure in

Elena Cáceres, Rafael Carrasco, Vaishnavi Patil, Juan F. Pedraza

We investigate the broad landscape of holographic complexity measures for theories dual to two-dimensional (2D) dilaton gravity. Previous studies have largely focused on the complexity=volume and complexity=action proposals for holographic complexity. Here we systematically construct and analyze a wide class of generalized complexity functionals, focusing on

Igor Klep, Tea Štrekelj, Jurij Volčič

Quantum Max Cut (QMC) problem for systems of qubits is an example of a 2-local Hamiltonian problem, and a prominent paradigm in computational complexity theory. This paper investigates the algebraic structure of a higher-dimensional analog of the QMC problem for systems of qudits. The Quantum Max d-Cut (d-QMC) problem asks for the largest eigenvalue of a Ham

Alexander J. Dear, Georg Meisl, Jing Hu, Tuomas P. J. Knowles

``Seeding'' is the addition of preformed fibrils to a solution of monomeric protein to accelerate its aggregation into new fibrils. It is a versatile and widely-used tool for scientists studying protein aggregation kinetics, as it enables the isolation and separate study of discrete reaction steps contributing to protein aggregation, specifically elongation

Eric Alan Wayman, Steven Andrew Culpepper, Jeff Douglas, Jesse Bowers

We introduce a restricted latent class exploratory model for longitudinal data with ordinal attributes and respondent-specific covariates. Responses follow a time inhomogeneous hidden Markov model where the probability of a respondent's latent state at the current time point is conditional on the respondent's latent state at the previous time point as well a

Horacio Thompson, Maximiliano Sapino, Edgardo Ferretti, Marcelo Errecalde

Early Detection of Risks (EDR) on the Web involves identifying at-risk users as early as possible. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven to solve various linguistic tasks efficiently, assessing their reasoning ability in specific domains is crucial. In this work, we propose a method for solving depression-related EDR using LLMs on Spanish texts,

R. Díaz Fuentes, J. Estrada Sarlabous, V. Hernández Mederos

ConicCurv is a new derivative-free algorithm to estimate the curvature of a plane curve from a sample of data points. It is based on a known tangent estimator method grounded on classic results of Projective Geometry and B\'ezier rational conic curves. The curvature values estimated by ConicCurv are invariant to Euclidean changes of coordinates and reproduce

Patrick G. Sahrmann, Gregory A. Voth

Bottom-up coarse-grained (CG) modeling expands the spatial and temporal scales of molecular simulation by seeking a reduced, thermodynamically consistent representation of an atomistic model. Developments in CG theory have largely focused on CG modeling of atomistic systems which behave classically, while CG modeling of quantum systems has remained largely u

Daniel Etaat, Dvij Kalaria, Nima Rahmanian, Shankar Sastry

Physical agility is a necessary skill in competitive table tennis, but by no means sufficient. Champions excel in this fast-paced and highly dynamic environment by anticipating their opponent's intent - buying themselves the necessary time to react. In this work, we take one step towards designing such an anticipatory agent. Previous works have developed sys

Jungwun Lee, Sebastien Haneuse, Rajarshi Mukherjee, Tanayott Thaweethai

This paper establishes a series of sensitivity analyses to investigate the impact of missing values in the electronic health records (EHR) that are possibly missing not at random (MNAR). EHRs have gained tremendous interest due to their cost-effectiveness, but their employment for research involves numerous challenges, such as selection bias due to missing d

Abhiram Bellur, Fraol Batole, Mohammed Raihan Ullah, Malinda Dilhara

MOVEMETHOD is a hallmark refactoring. Despite a plethora of research tools that recommend which methods to move and where, these recommendations do not align with how expert developers perform MOVEMETHOD. Given the extensive training of Large Language Models and their reliance upon naturalness of code, they should expertly recommend which methods are misplac

Marc M Dignam, Marco Liscidini

We present a semi-analytic formalism for calculating the squeezing and antisqueezing spectrum in a channel waveguide side-coupled to a lossy ring resonator. Our approach first uses the semi-analytic evolution of the density matrix inside the ring up to the time where the squeezing is maximized. Then noting that a conservative approximate result for the squee

Long Gu, Shaza Zeitouni, Carsten Binnig, Zsolt István

Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) enables collaborative analytics without exposing private data. However, OLAP queries under MPC remain prohibitively slow due to oblivious execution and padding of intermediate results with filler tuples. We present Reflex, the first framework that enables configurable trimming of intermediate results across different quer

M. D. Fajardo, J. Vidal-Nunez

In this paper we present a new Lagrange dual problem associated to a primal DC optimization problem under the additivity condition (AC). As usual for DC programming, even weak duality is not guaranteed for free and, due to this issue, we investigate conditions not only for weak, but also for strong duality between this dual and the primal DC problem. In addi

Zachary Mullaghy

We extend the Geometric Refinement Transform (GRT) by introducing centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVTs) into the refinement process, enhancing symmetry, reconstruction accuracy, and numerical stability. By applying Lloyds algorithm at each refinement level, we minimize centroidal energy and generate Voronoi regions that better align with the functions unde

Dawon Ahn, Evangelos E. Papalexakis

How can we accurately complete tensors by learning relationships of dimensions along each mode? Tensor completion, a widely studied problem, is to predict missing entries in incomplete tensors. Tensor decomposition methods, fundamental tensor analysis tools, have been actively developed to solve tensor completion tasks. However, standard tensor decomposition

Arnau Bas i Beneito, John Gargalionis, Juan Herrero-Garcia, Michael A. Schmidt

Baryon and lepton number are excellent low-energy symmetries of the Standard Model (SM) that tightly constrain the form of its extensions. In this paper we investigate the possibility that these accidental symmetries are violated in the deep UV, in such a way that one multiplet necessary for their violation lives at an intermediate energy scale $M$ above the

Oliver Breach, Benedikt Placke, Pieter W. Claeys, S. A. Parameswaran

We devise tractable models of unitary quantum many-body dynamics on tree graphs, as a first step towards a deeper understanding of dynamics in non-Euclidean spaces. To this end, we first demonstrate how to construct strictly local quantum circuits that preserve the symmetries of trees, such that their dynamical light cones grow isotropically. For trees with

J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, S. Rodríguez-Benítez

Searches for new particles often span a wide range of mass scales, where the shape of potential signals and the SM background varies significantly. We make use of a multivariate method that fully exploits the correlation between signal and background features and the explored mass scale, and is trained on a sample that is balanced across the entire mass rang

Venkat Adithya Amula, Sunayana Samavedam, Saurabh Saini, Avani Gupta

Deep learning models are susceptible to {\em backdoor attacks} involving malicious attackers perturbing a small subset of training data with a {\em trigger} to causes misclassifications. Various triggers have been used, including semantic triggers that are easily realizable without requiring the attacker to manipulate the image. The emergence of generative A

Quentin Blomet

Which choices of truth tables and consequence relations for two logics $\mathsf{L}_1$ and $\mathsf{L}_2$ ensure the satisfaction of the following split interpolation property: If two formulas $\phi$ and $\psi$ share at least one propositional atom and $\phi$ classically entails $\psi$, then there is a formula $\chi$ that shares all its propositional atoms wi

Aleksandar Mijatović, Benjamin Povar, Gerónimo Uribe Bravo

We establish the joint scaling limit of a critical Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson process with immigration (BGWI) and its (counting) local time at zero to the corresponding self-similar continuous-state branching process with immigration (CBI) and its (Markovian) local time at zero for balanced offspring and immigration laws in stable domains of attraction. Using

Sida Lin, Yankai Chen, Yiyan Qi, Chenhao Ma

The stock market, as a cornerstone of the financial markets, places forecasting stock price movements at the forefront of challenges in quantitative finance. Emerging learning-based approaches have made significant progress in capturing the intricate and ever-evolving data patterns of modern markets. With the rapid expansion of the stock market, it presents

Jean-Gabriel Attali, Francesco Salvarani

It is sometimes acknowledged that (sell-side) equity analysts' recommendations influence investors and therefore market prices. In particular, the S&P 500 is expected to decline (respectively rise) when analysts revise their targets downward (respectively upward). Our findings indicate not only that analysts' consensus exert no influence on market prices, bu

Gregory Camilli

The third National Charter School Study (NCSS III) aimed to test whether charter school were effective and to highlight outcomes on academic progress. The authors reported that typical charter school students outperformed similar students in non-charter public schools by 6 days in mathematics and 16 days in reading. This "days of learning" metric used to cla

Yupei Li, Qiyang Sun, Sunil Munthumoduku Krishna Murthy, Emran Alturki

Affective Computing (AC) is essential for advancing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), with emotion recognition serving as a key component. However, human emotions are inherently dynamic, influenced not only by an individual's expressions but also by interactions with others, and single-modality approaches often fail to capture their full dynamics. Multi

Pravesh Koirala, Mel Krusniak, Forrest Laine

Integer programming games (IPGs) are n-person games with integer strategy spaces. These games are used to model non-cooperative combinatorial decision-making and are used in domains such as cybersecurity and transportation. The prevalent solution concept for IPGs, Nash equilibrium, is difficult to compute and even showing whether such an equilibrium exists i

Zheyu Jiang, Mohit Tawarmalani, Rakesh Agrawal

In this work, we present the first algorithm for identifying the minimum reboiler vapor duty requirement for a general multi-feed, multi-product (MFMP) distillation column separating ideal multicomponent mixtures. This algorithm incorporates our latest advancement in developing the first shortcut model for MFMP columns. We demonstrate the accuracy and effici

Cosima du Pasquier, Jennifer Grannen, Chuer Pan, Serin L. Huber

In this project, we focus on human-robot interaction in caregiving scenarios like bathing, where physical contact is inevitable and necessary for proper task execution because force must be applied to the skin. Using finite element analysis, we designed a 3D-printed gripper combining positive and negative pressure for secure yet compliant handling. Prelimina

Marouan Handa, Marek Tyburec, Michal Kočvara

This work investigates an efficient solution to two fundamental problems in topology optimization of frame structures. The first one involves minimizing structural compliance under linear-elastic equilibrium and weight constraint, while the second one minimizes the weight under compliance constraints. These problems are non-convex and generally challenging t

Michel Boeglin, David Kahn, Josiane Mothe, Diego Ortiz

D4R is a digital platform designed to assist non-technical users, particularly historians, in exploring textual documents through advanced graphical tools for text analysis and knowledge extraction. By leveraging a large language model, D4R translates natural language questions into Cypher queries, enabling the retrieval of data from a Neo4J database. A user

Xiuyuan Hu, Guoqing Liu, Can Chen, Yang Zhao

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) is a critical task in drug discovery, requiring the generation of molecular information across two distinct modalities: discrete molecular graphs and continuous 3D coordinates. However, existing SBDD methods often overlook two key challenges: (1) the multi-modal nature of this task and (2) the causal relationship between th

John W. Moffat

Recent observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI 2025) indicate a weakening of cosmic acceleration at low redshifts $z < 1$, with effective dark energy equation of state parameters $w_0 > -1$ and $w_a < 0$. We demonstrate that this evolution in dark energy can be explained by cosmic inhomogeneities and the Cosmic Web without modifying

Xiaoyong Chu, Josef Pradler

We summarize here our studies \cite{Chu:2022xuh,Chu:2023jyb,Chu:2024rrv} on two distinct scenarios for MeV-mass thermal dark matter freeze-out. First, we determine the minimal viable mass for dark matter below tens of MeV, considering annihilation into Standard Model particles, including photons, electrons, and neutrinos. Using a full three-sector abundance

Sergio Barbosa, Sylvain Fichet, Lucas de Souza

We point out that the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) implies that sufficiently small extremal black holes are necessarily in the strong-field regime of electrodynamics, and therefore probe the UV completion of the Maxwell sector. To investigate the WGC bounds arising from these small extremal black holes, we revisit black hole decay in generic field theories

Vincent C. Müller

The paper presents a paradoxical feature of computational systems that suggests that computationalism cannot explain symbol grounding. If the mind is a digital computer, as computationalism claims, then it can be computing either over meaningful symbols or over meaningless symbols. If it is computing over meaningful symbols its functioning presupposes the ex

Molly Brennan, Andrew L. Krause, Edgardo Villar-Sepúlveda, Christopher B. Prior

Mathematical and computational modelling in oncology has played an increasingly important role in not only understanding the impact of various approaches to treatment on tumour growth, but in optimizing dosing regimens and aiding the development of treatment strategies. However, as with all modelling, only an approximation is made in the description of the b

Samantha J. Fournier, Alessandro Pacco, Valentina Ros, Pierfrancesco Urbani

We investigate a model of high-dimensional dynamical variables with all-to-all interactions that are random and non-reciprocal. We characterize its phase diagram and show that the model can exhibit chaotic dynamics. We show that the equations describing the system's dynamics exhibit a number of equilibria that is exponentially large in the dimensionality of

Youssef Haouchat, Sepand Kashani, Philippe Thévenaz, Michael Unser

This work aims at the precise and efficient computation of the x-ray projection of an image represented by a linear combination of general shifted basis functions that typically overlap. We achieve this with a suitable adaptation of ray tracing, which is one of the most efficient methods to compute line integrals. In our work, the cases in which the image is

James Pascaleff, Nicolò Sibilla

We investigate a possible theory of higher Fukaya categories associated to $n$-shifted symplectic stacks, where $n \geq 0$. We consider two paradigmatic cases, the shifted cotangent stack of a smooth manifold and the coadjoint stack of a compact Lie group, drawing connections to the work of Teleman and 3D mirror symmetry. Our evidence includes some new resul

Benjamin Haïoun

We prove the slogan, promoted by Walker and Freed-Teleman twenty years ago, that "The Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev 3-TQFT is a boundary condition for the Crane-Yetter 4-TQFT" and generalize it to the non-semisimple case following ideas of Jordan, Reutter and Walker. To achieve this, we prove that the Crane-Yetter 4-TQFT and its non-semisimple version arXiv:2306

Vincent C. Müller

The background to this paper is that in our world of massively increasing personal digital data any control over the data about me seems illusionary - informational privacy seems a lost cause. On the other hand, the production of this digital data seems a necessary component of our present life in the industrialized world. A framework for a resolution of thi

Reilly Cannon, Nicolette M. Laird, Caesar Vazquez, Andy Lin

Synthetic tabular data generation has emerged as a promising method to address limited data availability and privacy concerns. With the sharp increase in the performance of large language models in recent years, researchers have been interested in applying these models to the generation of tabular data. However, little is known about the quality of the gener

K. I. I. Koljonen, M. Linares, J. C. A. Miller-Jones

Understanding the formation and properties of relativistic jets from accreting compact objects has far-reaching implications in astrophysics. Transitional millisecond pulsars (tMSPs) - a class of neutron stars transitioning between radio pulsar and accretion states - offer a unique opportunity to study jet behavior within a low-level accretion regime around

Pie Desire Ebode Atangana

This study examines the fractional chromatic number associated with the direct product of signed graphs. It shows that if $(H,\tau)$ is a signed circulant graph $G(n,S,T)$, then for any signed graph $(G,\sigma)$, the fractional chromatic number of their direct product is the lower number between the fractional chromatic number of $(G,\sigma)$ and $(H,\tau)$.

Ekrem Murat Esmer, Tansu Daylan

Circumbinary planets and brown dwarfs form in complex gravitational environments, offering insights into formation, orbital stability, and habitability prospects. However, they remain underrepresented, with only 60 confirmed or candidate systems known. In this work, we leverage TESS photometry to search for circumbinary companions through eclipse timing vari

Chris Bard, John Dorelli

We present the AGATE simulation code, a Python-based framework developed primarily for solving the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations while maintaining adaptability to other equation sets. The code employs a modular, object-oriented architecture that separates interface specifications from numerical implementations, allowing users to customize numerical me

Roger Horsley, Pablo Morande, Brian Pendleton

We report the results of Fourier-accelerated HMC simulations of 2D SU(N) X SU(N) principal chiral models for N = 2, 3, 4, 6, 9. These models share several key properties with 4D QCD, such as asymptotic freedom and dynamical mass generation. Even for modest correlation lengths, we find integrated autocorrelation times are decreased by an order of magnitude re

Andronikos Paliathanasis

In this study, we modify the $\Lambda$CDM model by introducing a deformed algebra within the framework of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). We formulate the modified Raychaudhuri equation, where new terms are introduced which describe dynamical pressure components. For the quadratic GUP model, we derive the Hubble function, which leads to a time-d

Maura Lally, Ryan Challener, Nikole Lewis, Julie Inglis

Observations and models of transiting hot Jupiter exoplanets indicate that atmospheric circulation features may cause large spatial flux contrasts across their daysides. Previous studies have mapped these spatial flux variations through inversion of secondary eclipse data. Though eclipse mapping requires high signal-to-noise data, the first successful eclips

Thalyta T. Martins, André H. A. Malavazi, Lucas P. Kamizaki, Artyom Petrosyan

Fluctuation theorems, such as the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation, are effective tools connecting non-equilibrium work statistics and equilibrium free energy differences. However, detailed hands-on, reproducible protocols for implementing and analyzing these relations in real experiments remain scarce. This tutorial provides an end-to-end workflow

Branden Aitken, Cristiano Alpigiani, Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez, Mitchel Baker

We present the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) for the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors,

I. Pal, S. Marchesi, N. Torres-Albá, I. Cox

X-ray polarimetric observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimeter Explorer (IXPE) is an excellent tool for probing the geometry and dynamics of X-ray emitting corona in active galactic nuclei (AGN). This work aims to investigate the geometry of the X-ray corona in the Seyfert 2 AGN, NGC 2110, using its first polarimetric observation with IXPE, conducted ove

Jin Beniyama, Thomas G. Müller, Marco Delbo, Eric Pantin

1998~KY$_{26}$ is a tiny near-Earth asteroid ($H=26.1$) discovered in 1998. It has been selected as the target of the Hayabusa2 extended mission, which will rendezvous with 1998 KY$_{26}$ in 2031. However, one of the most basic physical properties, size, remains poorly constrained, posing potential challenges for spacecraft operations. We aimed at constraini

Pranav Kukreti, Dominika Wylezalek, Marco Albán, Bruno DallAgnol de Oliveira

Spatially resolved spectral studies of radio-AGN host galaxies have shown that these systems can impact the ionised gas on galactic scales. However, whether jet and radiation-driven feedback occurs simultaneously is still unclear. We select a large and representative sample of 806 radio-AGN from the MaNGA survey, from $L_\mathrm{1.4GHz}\approx10^{21}-10^{25}

Mitsuka Kiyohara, Ethan Mondri

Safety while walking alone at night is a key indicator of a citizen's well-being and a society's inclusiveness. However, this is not equally felt across all demographic groups, especially for university students living in urban areas. We present Coolight, a mobile application designed to reduce stress and anxiety for nighttime walking through an interactive