December 2025 arXiv papers — page 78

Sergey Goryainov, Willem H. Haemers, Elena V. Konstantinova, Honghai Li

In this paper, we illustrate important aspects of the interplay between weighing matrices, $(v,k,\lambda)$-graphs with fixed-point free involutions, and signed graphs with an orthogonal adjacency matrix, which arises from thin divisible design graphs. In particular, we present two new recursive constructions of regular symmetric Hadamard matrices with consta

Darko Zibar, Holger Heebøll, Jasper Riebesehl, Michael Galili

The introduction of digital signal processing (DSP) assisted coherent detection has been a cornerstone of modern fiber-optic communication systems. The ability to digitally, i.e. after analogue-to-digital converter, compensate for chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, and phase noise has rendered traditional analog feedback loops largely obsole

Ailsa Robertson, Siân Brooke, Sebastian De Haro, Christian Schaffner

Quantum computing poses an urgent and widely recognised threat to global cybersecurity, enabling encrypted government, financial, and healthcare data harvested today to be decrypted in the near future. Transitioning to quantum-safe cryptography is therefore essential, demanding coordinated action across a complex, multi-actor innovation system. Drawing on in

Haydn S. Adlong, Eugen Dizer, Richard Schmidt, Atac Imamoglu

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a platform for realizing Wigner crystals and enable their detection via exciton spectroscopy. We develop a microscopic theoretical model for excitons interacting with the localized electrons of the Wigner crystal, including their vibrational motion. In addition to the previously observed exciton-Umkla

Jirui Yang, Hengqi Guo, Zhihui Lu, Yi Zhao

Large language models often face a three-way trade-off among detection accuracy, inference latency, and deployment cost when used in real-world safety-sensitive applications. This paper introduces Prefix Probing, a black-box harmful content detection method that compares the conditional log-probabilities of "agreement/execution" versus "refusal/safety" openi

Bingxiang He, Zekai Qu, Zeyuan Liu, Yinghao Chen

Recent advances in reinforcement learning for large language models have converged on increasing complexity: multi-stage training pipelines, dynamic hyperparameter schedules, and curriculum learning strategies. This raises a fundamental question: \textbf{Is this complexity necessary?} We present \textbf{JustRL}, a minimal approach using single-stage training

Liu Yang, Qiang Li, Luxiong Wen, Jian Yang

With the rapid proliferation of edge computing, Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification (RFFI) has become increasingly important for secure device authentication. However, practical deployment of deep learning-based RFFI models is hindered by a critical challenge: their performance often degrades significantly when applied across receivers with different

Jun Lu, Iain Dixon, Kwangmin Kim, Yan Xin

The REBCO coated conductor has the potential to be widely used in ultrahigh field magnets. It is well known, however, that it is not mechanically strong against delamination in the direction normal to its surface due to its intrinsic layered structure. Therefore, conductor delamination is one of the major design challenges for REBCO magnet coils. As a part o

Jie Yang

Let $p$ be an odd prime and $F$ be a complete discretely valued field with residue field of characteristic $p$. For any parahoric level structure of the split even orthogonal similitude group $\operatorname{GO}_{2n}$ over $F$, we prove a preliminary form of the Pappas-Rapoport flatness conjecture: the associated spin local model is topologically flat.

J. Bellm, G. Bewick, S. Ferrario Ravasio, S. Gieseke

We present the physics foundations and recent developments of Herwig 7, the modern successor of the original HERWIG and Herwig++ series. Herwig 7 provides a flexible and systematically improvable framework for the simulation of high-energy lepton and hadron collisions, with particular emphasis on QCD and EW effects. Hard scattering processes are generated wi

Wisnu Uriawan, Aria Octavian Hamza, Ade Ripaldi Nuralim, Adi Purnama

This research presents the implementation of a Sharia-compliant chatbot as an interactive medium for consulting Islamic questions, leveraging Reinforcement Learning (Q-Learning) integrated with Sentence-Transformers for semantic embedding to ensure contextual and accurate responses. Utilizing the CRISP-DM methodology, the system processes a curated Islam QA

Leena Diehl, Oliwia Kaluzinska, Marie Mühlnikel, Max Andersson

To face the higher levels of radiation due to the 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity during the High-Luminosity LHC, the CMS detector will replace the current Calorimeter Endcap (CE) using the High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) concept. The high-radiation regions of the the CE, where fluences between $1\cdot10^{14}~n_{eq}/cm^{2}$ and $1\cdot10^{16}~

Mahdi Sonbolestan, Ali Gholami

The augmented Lagrangian (AL) method has been successfully applied for solving the full waveform inversion (FWI) problem. In AL-based FWI, the Lagrange multipliers serve as source extensions, offering several advantages to the inversion, such as improved robustness to cycle skipping, faster convergence, and simplified penalty parameter tuning. Time-domain ap

Katrin Bolsmann, Thiago L. M. Guedes, Weibin Li, Joseph W. P. Wilkinson

Trapped ions as one of the most promising quantum-information-processing platforms, yet conventional entangling gates mediated by collective motion remain slow and difficult to scale. Exciting trapped ions to high-lying electronic Rydberg states provides a promising route to overcome these limitations by enabling strong, long-range dipole-dipole interactions

Esmaeil Mahdavi, Mina Zarei, Philipp Hövel, Farhad Shahbazi

This study examines the complex interplay between inertia and time delay in regular rotor networks within the framework of the second-order Kuramoto model. By combining analytical and numerical methods, we demonstrate that intrinsic time delays -- arising from finite information transmission speeds - induce multistability among fully synchronized phase-locke

Gramoz Goranci, Shaofeng Jiang, Peter Kiss, Eva Szilagyi

We study the problem of computing Chamfer distance in the fully dynamic setting, where two set of points $A, B \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$, each of size up to $n$, dynamically evolve through point insertions or deletions and the goal is to efficiently maintain an approximation to $\mathrm{dist}_{\mathrm{CH}}(A,B) = \sum_{a \in A} \min_{b \in B} \textrm{dist}(a,b

The LHAASO Collaboration, Zhen Cao, F. Aharonian, Y. X. Bai

We report the discovery of variable $\gamma$-rays up to petaelectronvolt from Cygnus X-3, an iconic X-ray binary. The $\gamma$-ray signal was detected with a statistical significance of approximately 10 $\sigma$ by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Its intrinsic spectral energy distribution (SED), extending from 0.06 to 3.7 PeV, shows

Keyu Zhao, Fengli Xu, Yong Li, Tie-Yan Liu

The "AI Scientist" paradigm is transforming scientific research by automating key stages of the research process, from idea generation to scholarly writing. This shift is expected to accelerate discovery and expand the scope of scientific inquiry. However, a key question remains unclear: can AI scientists identify meaningful research questions? While Large L

Danxu Liu, Di Wang, Hebaixu Wang, Haoyang Chen

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery plays a critical role in all-weather, day-and-night remote sensing applications. However, existing SAR-oriented deep learning is constrained by data scarcity, while the physically grounded speckle noise in SAR imagery further hampers fine-grained semantic representation learning. To address these challenges, we propose

Fabian Michel

We study the approximation of a (finite) continuous-time Markov chain by a Markov chain on a reduced state space, and we provide formal error bounds for the approximated transient distributions in the Wasserstein distance. These bounds extend previous work on error bounds in the total variation distance, and are the first step towards a generalization to con

Jean-Jacq du Plessis

In this thesis, we review the theory of Lyapunov exponents and covariant Lyapunov vectors (CLVs) and use these objects to numerically investigate the dynamics of several autonomous Hamiltonian systems. The algorithm which we use for computing CLVs is the one developed by Ginelli and collaborators (G&C), which is quite efficient and has been used previously i

Mauro Sanchiz

We characterize the strictly singular inclusions $\ell_{p_n}\hookrightarrow\ell_{q_n}$ between Nakano sequence spaces providing a useful criterion, namely $\varliminf_{n\rightarrow\infty}\vert p_n-q_n\vert>0$ (also recently obtained by Lang and Nekvinda in [12] with a different proof). It is also noted that no inclusion operator between Nakano sequence space

Lionel Barnett, Benjamin Wahl, Nadine Spychala, Anil K. Seth

Wahl et al. (2016, 2017) introduced the idea of Granger causality (GC) maps for Langevin systems: dynamics are localised linearly at each point in phase space as vector Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (VOU) processes, for which GCs may in principle be calculated, thus constructing a GC map on phase space. Their implementation, however, suffered a significant drawback: GC

Sergei Bulanov, Stepan Bulanov, Timur Esirkepov, Gianluca Gregori

Strong magnetic fields and plasmas are intrinsically linked in both terrestrial laboratory experiments and in space phenomena. One of the most profound consequences of that is the change in relationship between the frequency and the wave number of electromagnetic waves propagating in plasma in the presence of such magnetic fields when compared to the case wi

Leah Folkerts, Reinhold Egger, Carsten Müller, Selym Villalba-Chávez

The implications of the root singularity of the vacuum polarization tensor near the first pair creation threshold on blackbody radiation are investigated for magnetic fields above the characteristic scale of quantum electrodynamics. We show that the vacuum birefringence in such a strong background leads to an anisotropic behavior of the Planck radiation law.

Anja Sneperger

In this article, we use Pl\"ucker relations in the Grassmannian $Gr(3,n)$ to give relations that hold amongst some of the entries of the Heronian frieze of order $n$. Furthermore, we make a connection between certain subfriezes of a Heronian frieze and Pl\"ucker friezes $P(3,n)$, and then show that some determinants of the matrices whose elements lie in thos

Barna Pásztor, Thomas Kleine Buening, Andreas Krause

We introduce Stackelberg Learning from Human Feedback (SLHF), a new framework for preference optimization. SLHF frames the alignment problem as a sequential-move game between two policies: a Leader, which commits to an action, and a Follower, which responds conditionally on the Leader's action. This approach decomposes preference optimization into a refineme

Linghui Shen, Mingyue Cui, Xingyi Yang

In-context diffusion models allow users to modify images with remarkable ease and realism. However, the same power raises serious privacy concerns: personal images can be easily manipulated for identity impersonation, misinformation, or other malicious uses, all without the owner's consent. While prior work has explored input perturbations to protect against

Mark Benazet, Francesco Ricca, Dario Bralla, Melanie N. Zeilinger

Learning-based model predictive control has emerged as a powerful approach for handling complex dynamics in mechatronic systems, enabling data-driven performance improvements while respecting safety constraints. However, when computational resources are severely limited, as in battery-powered tools with embedded processors, existing approaches struggle to me

Irfan Glogić, David Hilditch, David Wallauch

We study finite-time blowup for a nonlinear wave equation for maps from the Minkowski space $\mathbb{R}^{1+d}$ into the 1-sphere $\mathbb{S}^1$, whose nonlinearity exhibits a null-form structure. We construct, for every dimension $d \geq 1$, a countable family of discretely self-similar blowup solutions, which are even for $d=1$ and radial for $d \geq 2$. Th

Elmar Langetepe, Florian Gans

We consider the problem of searching for rays (or lines) in the half-plane. The given problem turns out to be a very natural extension of the cow-path problem that is lifted into the half-plane and the problem can also directly be motivated by a 1.5-dimensional terrain search problem. We present and analyse an efficient strategy for our setting and guarantee

Vijay H. Mahatma, Andrew C. Fabian, Leah K. Morabito

We report on the very first radio detection associated with the peculiar hourglass-morphology X-rays surrounding 3C 294 at z=1.8. Using International Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) data at 144 MHz and Chandra data at 0.3-6 keV, we find that the co-spatial diffuse radio and X-ray emission is well described by synchrotron and inverse-Compton processes by the same

Kanwal Aftab, Graham Adams, Mark Scanlon

Computer vision is a rapidly evolving field, giving rise to powerful new tools and techniques in digital forensic investigation, and shows great promise for novel digital forensic applications. One such application, indoor multimedia geolocation, has the potential to become a crucial aid for law enforcement in the fight against human trafficking, child explo

Marrick Braam, Daniel Angerhausen

Future telescopes such as the Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) will enable mid-infrared characterisation of the atmospheres of nearby rocky exoplanets. Whilst 4D spatial and temporal variations of Earth as an exoplanet are below spectroscopic detection limits, such variability is planet-specific. We investigate LIFE's ability to detect 4D variabili

Zachary Murray

We present several closed-form expressions of useful mass distributions. These include the potentials and accelerations of circular rings and arcs, the potentials of uniform density rings and arcs at arbitrary eccentricities, and the potentials and accelerations of rings and arcs when the mass is time-averaged over a Kepler orbit. We show that these expressi

Julien Lagarde

The brain is very often viewed as a network, be it at small scale made of cells, mostly neurons, or at larger scale made of neuronal assemblies. Here we introduce a conjecture, in the spirit of a philosophical though experiment, which proposes that the present cannot be obtained from within such networks, and that this limitation imposes burdens on network e

Giulia Boato, Andrea Montibeller, Edward Delp, Luisa Verdoliva

AI is reshaping the landscape of multimedia forensics. We propose AI forensic agents: reliable orchestrators that select and combine forensic detectors, identify provenance and context, and provide uncertainty-aware assessments. We highlight pitfalls in current solutions and introduce a unified framework to improve the authenticity verification process.

V. A. Filippov, R. M. Iakhibbaev, D. M. Tolkachev

We derive recurrence relations for leading logarithmic all-loop quantum corrections in the case of $SO(N)$ symmetric scalar theory with an arbitrary potential in curved spacetime. On this basis, a system of renormalisation group (RG) equations in the general is obtained approach for the effective potential in the large $N$ limit. As a simple illustration, we

Lorenzo Gnoatto, Jean F. O. da Silva, Artim L. Bassant, Rai M. Menezes

We investigate the interplay between spin currents and spin waves in nanofabricated Permalloy waveguides with geometrical constrictions. Using propagating spin-wave spectroscopy, micromagnetic simulations, and analytical modeling, we provide experimental evidence that spin-wave phase can be modulated by inhomogeneous spin-transfer torques generated by curren

Bilin Zheng, Xiao Kang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Hao Zhou

Space debris and micrometeoroid (MMOD) impacts pose a serious threat to the safe operation of spacecraft. However, traditional protective structures typically suffer from limitations such as excessive thickness and inadequate load-bearing capacity. Guided by the design concepts of debris-cloud deflection and hierarchical energy dissipation, this study propos

Bin Jiang, Zhuoran Gao, Yan Yang, Francesco Pecora

In solar wind turbulence, the energy transfer/dissipation rate is typically estimated using MHD third-order structure functions calculated using spacecraft observations. However, the inherent anisotropy of solar wind turbulence leads to significant variations in structure functions along different observational directions, thereby affecting the accuracy of e

Ayush Bhavsar

This paper introduces Hazedefy, a lightweight and application-focused dehazing pipeline intended for real-time video and live camera feed enhancement. Hazedefy prioritizes computational simplicity and practical deployability on consumer-grade hardware, building upon the Dark Channel Prior (DCP) concept and the atmospheric scattering model. Key elements inclu

Jannie Coenen, Vítor Vasconcelos, Heiman Wertheim, Marcel Olde Rikkert

Resilience in coupled systems is increasingly critical in addressing global challenges such as climate change and pandemics. These systems show unpredictable behaviour due to dynamic complexity and deep uncertainty across spatiotemporal scales. Despite growing interest, few studies systematically integrate both concepts when assessing resilience. This paper

Eleftherios Mainas, Jan Tobochnik, Richard Stratt

Some recent work pointed out the usefulness of taking a large-deviation perspective when trying to extract anything resembling a macroscopic order parameter from a computer simulation. In this paper we note that the end-to-end distance of polymers is such an order parameter. The presence of long-ranged excluded volume interactions leads to significant qualit

Samuel Lin, Ricardo A. E. Mendes, Marco Radeschi

We show that singular Riemannian foliations, or, more generally, manifold submetries, defined on a compact normal homogeneous space, have algebraic nature. Moreover, in this case there exists a one-to-one correspondence between algebras of algebraic functions preserved by the Laplace--Beltrami operator, and manifold submetries. A key intermediate result is t

Nicola Gigli

It is not uncommon in analysis that existence of extremal objects is obtained via an iterative procedure: we start from a given admissible object, then modify it, then modify again etc... If being extremal means maximimizing a real valued quantity and we are sure to approach the supremum fast enough, after a countable number of steps and a limiting procedure

Yue Su, Sophie N. Parragh, Nicolas Dupin, Jakob Puchinger

The electric autonomous dial-a-ride problem (E-ADARP) introduces electric, autonomously driving vehicles and their unique requirements into the classic dial-a-ride problem, where people are transported between pickup and drop-off locations. Next to an electric autonomous vehicle fleet, in the literature, a weighted-sum objective function, which combines the

M. Scarpari, X. Zhang, K. Borowiec, P. F. Buxton

Plasma disruptions represent a critical challenge for high-performance tokamak operations, as they can compromise machine integrity and reduce operational availability. Although future fusion devices essentially need to incorporate strategies to minimise disruption occurrence, complete avoidance remains unattainable. Consequently, assessing and characterisin

Daegene Song

We propose that spacetime dynamics can be organized by a Planck-scale bookkeeping rule, written using a modular-parameter normalization of size $2\pi$, that balances the geometric entropy increment $\delta A/4G$ against a reversible modular-energy flow $\delta\!\langle K\rangle$ and an irreversible Landauer--Bennett cost $\ln 2\,\delta N_c$, where $K\equiv K

Zipei Geng, Jordan Richards, Raphael Huser, Marc G. Genton

Wildfires pose an increasingly severe threat to air quality, yet quantifying their causal impact remains challenging due to unmeasured meteorological and geographic confounders. Moreover, wildfire impacts on air quality may exhibit heterogeneous effects across pollution levels, which conventional mean-based causal methods fail to capture. To address these ch

Iker García-Ferrero, David Montero, Roman Orus

We introduce Refusal Steering, an inference-time method to exercise fine-grained control over Large Language Models refusal behaviour on politically sensitive topics without retraining. We replace fragile pattern-based refusal detection with an LLM-as-a-judge that assigns refusal confidence scores and we propose a ridge-regularized variant to compute steerin

Pietro Baratella

Systems that feature a scalar field $\phi$ with a quasi scale invariant potential, metastable at $\phi=0$, can remain trapped, during cosmic evolution, in the `wrong' vacuum because the process of bubble nucleation to the true vacuum is inefficient. If $\phi$ carries a conserved charge $Q$, the presence in the system of a non-zero chemical potential for $Q$

Sun-Sig Byun, Jeongmin Han, Mikyoung Lee

In this paper, we establish an optimal global Calder\'{o}n-Zygmund type estimate for the viscosity solution to the Dirichlet boundary problem of fully nonlinear elliptic equations with possibly nonconvex nonlinearities. We prove that the Hessian of the solution is as integrable as the nonhomogeneous term in the setting of a given generalized Orlicz space eve

Xun Qian, Hussein Rammal, Dmitry Kovalev, Peter Richtárik

Recent empirical research has demonstrated that deep learning optimizers based on the linear minimization oracle (LMO) over specifically chosen Non-Euclidean norm balls, such as Muon and Scion, outperform Adam-type methods in the training of large language models. In this work, we show that such optimizers can be provably improved by replacing their vanilla

Sajad Salami, Arman Shamsi Zargar

The notion of $\theta$-congruent numbers generalizes the classical congruent number problem. Recall that a positive integer $n$ is $\theta$-congruent if it is the area of a rational triangle with an angle $\theta$ whose cosine is rational. Das and Saikia [2] established criteria for numbers to be $\theta$-congruent over certain real number fields and conclud

Samuel W. P. Oliveira, Ilya L. Shapiro

The trace anomaly and anomaly-induced action are evaluated for the two-dimensional $2D$ vector theory with classical conformal symmetry. Implementing local conformal symmetry while preserving the gauge invariance requires either giving up locality of the classical action or, equivalently, introducing an auxiliary scalar field. The two-dimensional limit in su

Simon Tatham

We present a suite of algorithmic techniques for handling substitution tilings by treating a tile's hierarchy of supertiles in a purely combinatorial fashion using finite state automata. The resulting techniques are very convenient for practical generation of patches of tilings such as hats, Spectres and Penrose tiles, both random and deliberately selected.

Daniel Alfonso Santiesteban, Dixan Peña Peña, Ricardo Abreu Blaya

The multidimensional Cauchy-Riemann operator provides a framework for studying higher order partial differential equations in $\mathbb{R}^{m+1}$, whose solutions include polymonogenic and polyharmonic functions, among others. In this work, we aim to explicitly construct solutions to such systems, generated from families of complex valued functions which are

K. A. Beyer, N. S. Oreshkina

Spectroscopy of muonic atoms is, to date, the most accurate technique to extract parameters of the nuclear charge density. The same reasons for their heightened sensitivity to nuclear parameters, a large overlap of the muonic wavefunction with the nucleus, makes them attractive systems to test Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) Physics. This raises concerns of

Evgeny A. Mityushov

This paper is the second part of a curvature-based program for rigid-body dynamics on SU2. In Part I, Curvature-Driven Dynamics on S3: A Geometric Atlas, we introduced the inertial curvature field Kgeo associated with a left-invariant metric on SU2, constructed a geometric Atlas of curvature regimes, and identified the inertia ratio 2:2:1 as a curvature-bala

Samuel Koovely

We introduce a queueing-based sampling framework for continuous-time temporal networks. We focus on a Markovian parametrization in which link start times follow a homogeneous Poisson process and link durations are exponentially distributed. We derive stochastic properties of the resulting link streams and exploit them to generate synthetic temporal networks

Silvia Bonfanti, Ralf Busch, Jesper Byggmästar, Jeppe C. Dyre

This paper reviews recent advances in the field of metallic glasses, focusing on the development of novel experimental techniques and in silico models. We discuss progress in experimental characterization, additive manufacturing, multiscale modeling approaches, and the growing role of machine learning in understanding and designing these complex materials. O

Ece Kilerci, Tomotsugu Goto, Matthew A. Malkan, Seong Jin Kim

We investigated the James Webb Space Telescope photometric color classification of mid-infrared (MIR) selected galaxies at high redshifts, toward cosmic noon. The aim of the present work is to obtain a z-dependent mid-infrared (MIR) photometric galaxy classification tool based on broad spectral emission and absorption lines using the JWST Mid-Infrared Instru

Yi Zheng, Liping Zhou, Chengli Wang, Yanjing Zhao

The miniaturization of self-referencing frequency comb systems enables emerging applications in metrology and spectroscopy. One major challenge in realizing the chip-scale self-referencing function is to generate octave-spanning soliton microcombs with low operation power. Accessing soliton states is also not trivial due to the thermal effect. Though an auxi

Shaohua Wu, Tong Yu, Shenling Wang, Xudong Zhao

Diffusion models have shown remarkable capacity in image synthesis based on their U-shaped architecture and convolutional neural networks (CNN) as basic blocks. The locality of the convolution operation in CNN may limit the model's ability to understand long-range semantic information. To address this issue, we propose Yuan-TecSwin, a text-conditioned diffus

Jonas Deré, Joren Matthys, Lukas Vandeputte

The residual finiteness growth $\text{RF}_G: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ of a finitely generated group $G$ is a function that gives the smallest value of the index $[G:N]$ with $N$ a normal subgroup not containing a non-trivial element $g$, in function of the word norm of that element $g$. It has been studied for several classes of finitely generated groups,

Jintao Tong, Jiaqi Gu, Yujing Lou, Lubin Fan

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at visual understanding tasks through text reasoning, they often fall short in scenarios requiring visual imagination. Unlike current works that take predefined external toolkits or generate images during thinking, however, humans can form flexible visual-text imagination and interactions during thinking w

Juan Abranches, Alicia Castro, Reiko Toriumi

We present novel equivalences in random matrix and tensor models between complex and self-adjoint theories with nontrivial quadratic terms in the action, established through an intermediate field representation. More precisely, we show that the partition functions of certain self-adjoint models and their complex counterparts are different integral representa

Lintao Xiao, Bo Zhang, Yu Zeng, Xiaoxuan Pan

We demonstrate a giant atom by coupling a superconducting transmon qubit to a lithium niobate phononic waveguide at two points separated by about 600 acoustic wavelengths, with a propagation delay of 125 ns. The giant atom yields non-Markovian relaxation dynamics characterized by phonon backflow and a frequency-dependent effective decay rate varying four-fol

Sullivan Castro, Artem Betlei, Thomas Di Martino, Nadir El Manouzi

Modeling user purchase behavior is a critical challenge in display advertising systems, necessary for real-time bidding. The difficulty arises from the sparsity of positive user events and the stochasticity of user actions, leading to severe class imbalance and irregular event timing. Predictive systems usually rely on hand-crafted "counter" features, overlo

Weixiang Ye

The recent paper by Sharoglazova et al. reports an energy-dependent parameter $\nu$ extracted from the spatial distribution of photons in a coupled-waveguide experiment. The authors interpret $\nu$ as the speed of quantum particles, even in the classically forbidden regime, and claim that its finite value contradicts the Bohmian mechanics prediction of zero

Gyeongjun Lee, Antoine Borel, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe

Controlled activation of defect-bound excitonic states in two-dimensional semiconductors provides a route to isolated quantum emitters and a sensitive probe of defect physics. Here we demonstrate that \textit{in situ} high-temperature annealing of hBN-encapsulated monolayer WS$_2$ on a suspended microheater leads to the emergence of spectrally isolated singl

Sajad Salami, Arman Shamsi Zargar

The splitting field of an elliptic surface $\mathcal E$ defined over ${\mathbb Q}(t)$ is the smallest subfield $\mathcal K$ of $\mathbb C$ such that ${\mathcal E}({\mathbb C}(t))\cong {\mathcal E}({\mathcal K}(t))$. In this paper, we determine the splitting field ${\mathcal K}_m$ and a set of linearly independent generators for the Mordell--Weil lattice of S

Nico Albert Disch, Saikat Roy, Constantin Ulrich, Yannick Kirchhoff

Forecasting how 3D medical scans evolve over time is important for disease progression, treatment planning, and developmental assessment. Yet existing models either rely on a single prior scan, fixed grid times, or target global labels, which limits voxel-level forecasting under irregular sampling. We present CRONOS, a unified framework for many-to-one predi

Xufeng Liang, Zhida Qin, Chong Zhang, Tianyu Huang

Contrastive learning has demonstrated promising potential in recommender systems. Existing methods typically construct sparser views by randomly perturbing the original interaction graph, as they have no idea about the authentic user preferences. Owing to the sparse nature of recommendation data, this paradigm can only capture insufficient semantic informati

Yuka Fujii, Daniel Angerhausen, Taro Matsuo, Eric T. Wolf

Future direct-imaging missions such as the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE) aim to observe thermal emission from potentially habitable planets to characterize their surface environments and search for signs of life. Previous studies of directly imaged Earth-like planets have mainly examined the signatures of atmospheric composition, often using 1D

Robyn Ritchie, Alexandre Leblanc, Thomas Loughin

We introduce the most comprehensive publicly available datasets for mixed doubles curling, constructed from eleven top-level tournaments from the CurlIT (https://curlit.com/results) Results Booklets spanning 53 countries, 1,112 games, and nearly 70,000 recorded shots. While curling analytics has grown in recent years, mixed doubles remains under-served due t

Prayoga Liong, Aliaksandr Melnichenka, Anton Bukhtatyi, Albert Bilous

We predict hydrodynamic Turing instability of current-carrying Dirac electron fluids that drives spontaneous self-oscillatory transport. The instability arises near charge neutrality, where carrier kinetics make current dissipation strongly density dependent. Above a critical drift velocity, a uniform electronic flow becomes unstable and undergoes a dynamica

Dimitris Fotakis, Charalampos Platanos, Thanos Tolias

Online Resource Allocation addresses the problem of efficiently allocating limited resources to buyers with incomplete knowledge of future requests. In our setting, buyers arrive sequentially requesting a set of items, each with a value drawn from a known distribution. We study the efficiency of static and anonymous bundle pricing in environments where the b

Ryan Benazzouk, Maen Salman, Trond Saue

This work further develops the calculation of QED effects in a finite Gaussian basis. We focus on the non-linear ${\alpha}(Z{\alpha})^{n\ge 3}$ contribution to the vacuum polarization density, computing the energy shift of 1s$_{1/2}$ states of hydrogen-like ions. Our goal is to improve the numerical computations to achieve a precision comparable to that of G

Jialai Wang, Mengqiu Huang, Yongquan Xue, Ning Jiang

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star crosses the tidal radius of a black hole (BH) and is ripped apart, providing a powerful way to probe dormant BHs over a wide mass range. In this study, we present our late-time observations and comprehensive multi-wavelength analyses of AT2018cqh, a TDE at the center of a dwarf galaxy that exhibited successive

Yin Zhang, Yongqiang Zhang, Yaoyue Zheng, Bogdan Raducanu

Fine-tuning Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) with a small number of parameters has shown remarkable performance in Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation (DGSS). Most existing works either train lightweight adapters or refine intermediate features to achieve better generalization on unseen domains. However, they both overlook the fact that long-term pre-tra

Long-Han Huang, Wenming Zou

We investigate the H\'enon-Lane-Emden system defined by $- \Delta u=|x|^a |v|^{p-1}v$ and $- \Delta v=|x|^b |u|^{q-1}u$ in $\mathbb{R}^N \!\setminus\! \{0\}$. We begin by establishing a general Liouville-type theorem for the subcritical case. Then we prove that the H\'{e}non-Lane-Emden conjecture is valid for solutions stable outside a compact set, provided

Yin Liu, Qiming Dai, Junyu Zhang, Zaiwen Wen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained attention for aligning large language models (LLMs) via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). The actor-only variants of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) are widely applied for their efficiency. These algorithms incorporate a clipping mechanism to improve stability. Besides, a regularization term, such as

Kirill Mazur, Marwan Taher, Andrew J. Davison

We present a dynamic reconstruction system that receives a casual monocular RGB video as input, and outputs a complete and persistent reconstruction of the scene. In other words, we reconstruct not only the the currently visible parts of the scene, but also all previously viewed parts, which enables replaying the complete reconstruction across all timesteps.

Lorenzo Gnoatto, Rai M. Menezes, Artim L. Bassant, Rembert A. Duine

We report the transverse control of spin-wave propagation in the configuration where the spin-wave wavevector k is perpendicular to the charge-current density J. Building on theoretical predictions of spin-wave refraction by nonuniform spin-polarized currents, and guided by micromagnetic simulations used to optimize the device geometry and current distributi

J. Abhir, A. Biland, K. Brand, T. Bretz

The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multi-messenger approach, which seeks to detect the gamma rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multi-messenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of t

Yuxin Wang, Lei Ke, Boqiang Zhang, Tianyuan Qu

While current multimodal models can answer questions based on 2D images, they lack intrinsic 3D object perception, limiting their ability to comprehend spatial relationships and depth cues in 3D scenes. In this work, we propose N3D-VLM, a novel unified framework that seamlessly integrates native 3D object perception with 3D-aware visual reasoning, enabling b

Chunlei Li, Constanza Riera, Palash Sarkar, Pantelimon Stanica

Uplink grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technology for massive connectivity with low latency and high energy efficiency. In code-domain NOMA schemes, the requirements boil down to the design of codebooks that contain a large number of spreading sequences with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) while maintaining low coherenc

Xingyu Guo, Enliang Wang, Wenguang Wu, Zhaopeng Xing

Determining the absolute configuration of gas-phase molecules in position-space has long been a fundamental challenge in molecular physics. While strong-field-induced Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) has emerged as a powerful tool for probing molecular stereochemistry in momentum-space, reconstructing the original three-dimensional structure of polyatomic mol

Christian Táfula

We show the existence of a set $A\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 2}$ satisfying the estimates of the Bateman--Horn conjecture, Goldbach's conjecture, and also \[ \#\{p\leq x \text{ prime} ~|~ p\in A\} \gg x(\log\log x)/(\log x)^2. \]

Assem Afanah, Bernd Rosenow

We study the learning dynamics of the soft committee machine (SCM) with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation using a statistical-mechanics approach within the annealed approximation. The SCM consists of a student network with $N$ input units and $K$ hidden units trained to reproduce the output of a teacher network with $M$ hidden units. We introduce a red

Marcelo Rosa, José E. R. Cury, Fabio L. Baldissera

In this paper, we deal with the problem of coordinating multiple robots to build 3-D structures. This problem consists of a set of mobile robots that interact with each other in order to autonomously build a predefined 3-D structure. Our approach is based on Supervisory Control Theory, and it allows us to synthesize from models that represent a single robot

Kobi Shiran, Noam Soker

We built a simple toy model of a core-collapse supernova (CCSN) ejecta composed of two shells, an outer low-mass spherical shell and an inner elongated massive shell, and show that it can reproduce the evolution of the photospheric radius of SN 2024ggi, Rph(t). During the first week, the larger spherical shell, the S-shell, forms the photosphere. As the shel

Yumeng Wang, Tianyu Fan, Lingrui Xu, Chao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved from simple chatbots into sophisticated agents capable of automating complex real-world tasks, where browsing and reasoning over live web content is key to assessing retrieval and cognitive skills. Existing benchmarks like BrowseComp and xBench-DeepSearch emphasize complex reasoning searches requiring multi-hop synth

L. Wang, F. Menzel, F. Pichler, P. Knüppel

Strongly interacting electrons in two-dimensional systems can spontaneously break translational symmetry, forming a periodic Wigner crystal. Although these crystals have been realized in several platforms, experimental studies of their collective many-body excitations in the absence of a magnetic field remain an outstanding challenge. Here, we access this re

Juliette Becker

In this work, we investigate the dynamical survival of short-period inner planets during the high-eccentricity tidal migration of companion exterior giant planets. Using a combination of analytic arguments and N-body simulations including equilibrium tides and general relativistic precession, we find the boundary in parameter space where an inner companion c

D. Schaerer, R. Marques-Chaves, H. Atek, N. Prantzos

Based on the finding of unusual chemical abundance ratios of N-emitters, which resemble those of globular cluster (GC) stars, their compactness, high ISM densities and other properties, it has been suggested that N-emitters could indicate the formation sites of globulars. A recent statistical study of the N-emitter population has quantified the frequency $f_

Sebastian Bischof

In this article we work out the details of flat groups of the automorphism group of locally finite Bruhat-Tits buildings.

William R. Nugent

Symmetry principles underlie and guide scientific theory and research, from Curie's invariance formulation to modern applications across physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Building on a recent matrix Lie group measurement model, this paper extends the framework to identify additional measurement symmetries implied by Lie group theory. Lie groups provide th