April 2026 arXiv papers — page 15

Joss Armstrong

Category-based coordination mechanisms allocate resources by mapping a declared service category to a fixed resource profile, without observing individual demand types. We establish three results for this class of mechanisms. First, the relative welfare gap Delta satisfies a tight two-sided bound in terms of the aggregate within-category allocation variance

Ethan Harvey, Dennis Johan Loevlie, Amir Ali Satani, Wansu Chen

Despite being resource-intensive to train, 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been the standard approach to classify CT and MRI scans. Recent work suggests that deep multiple instance learning (MIL) may be a more efficient alternative for 3D brain scans, especially when the pre-trained image encoder used to embed each 2D slice is frozen and only th

Hui Wang, Hongze Li, Wei Chen, Xiaojin Zhang

Transformer-based architectures have established a dominant paradigm in global semantic perception; however, they remain fundamentally constrained by the profound spatial heterogeneity inherent in natural images. Specifically, the imposition of a uniform global receptive field across regions of varying information density inevitably leads to local feature de

Bochao Liu, Zhipeng Qian, Yang Zhao, Xinyuan Jiang

Operating and maintaining (O&M) large-scale online engine systems (eg, search, recommendation and advertising) demands substantial human effort for release monitoring, alert response, and root cause analysis. Despite the inherent suitability of LLM-based agents for such operational scenarios, the critical bottleneck impeding their practical deployment lies n

Masoud Hakimi Heris, Yuan Liu, Frank Mueller

As hybrid qubit-oscillator algorithm development and trapped-ion hardware demonstrations advance in parallel, there is a lack of a compilation layer connecting the two at the pulse level in the vertical software stack. While qubit gate control and pulse synthesis are well-established, the translation of hybrid qubit-oscillator primitives to the pulse level h

Shuhao Que, Remco Poelarends, Valentina Breschi, Ying Wang

Monitoring physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in daily life is essential for characterizing individual health and metabolic status. Although indirect calorimetry provides gold-standard PAEE measurements, it is impractical for continuous daily-life monitoring. Consequently, wearable sensing approaches using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and heart

Diego Gutiérrez-Oribio, Ioannis Stefanou

Induced seismicity associated with gas production poses major operational and societal challenges, as illustrated by the Groningen field in the Netherlands. While many studies have focused on forecasting seismicity under prescribed production scenarios, fewer works address the inverse problem: designing operational strategies that minimize seismicity while m

Steven Gardiner, Pablo Barham Alzás, Alexis Nikolakopoulos, Luca H. Abu El-Haj

Accurate modeling of the absorption of tens-of-MeV $\nu_e$ on $^{40}$Ar is needed to enable measurements of astrophysical neutrinos using large liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detectors, such as those planned for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). We revisit the MARLEY neutrino interaction model used in present estimates of DUNE s

Moumita Patra

We investigate quantum transport in an off-diagonal Aubry--Andr\'e--Harper chain. The periodic hopping modulation generates effective internal boundaries that strongly influence the transmission characteristics. We show that edge, in-band bulk, and band-edge bulk states can be clearly distinguished through their transport signatures. In particular, bulk stat

Shuzhao Xie, Junchen Ge, Weixiang Zhang, Jiahang Liu

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) achieves high-quality novel view synthesis with real-time rendering, but its storage cost remains prohibitive for practical deployment. Existing post-training compression methods still rely on many coupled hyperparameters across pruning, transformation, quantization, and entropy coding, making it difficult to control the final co

Roberto Pittau

We present GLoop, a Fortran90 computational framework that allows one to compute by Monte Carlo a certain class of higher-loop integrals in terms of lower-loop building blocks. This is based on a recently introduced method that enables the numerical computation of integrals defined by i epsilon deformations acting on single pole singularities without the nee

Yanchen Guan, Haicheng Liao, Chengyue Wang, Xingcheng Liu

Anticipating traffic accidents is a critical yet unresolved problem for autonomous driving, hindered by the inherent complexity of modeling interactions between road users and the limited availability of diverse, large-scale datasets. To address these issues, we propose a dual-path framework. On the one hand, we employ a video synthesis pipeline that, guided

Rui Zhang, Xianzhi Song, Linqi Zhu, Branko Bijeljic

Reliable segmentation of multiphase pore-scale X-ray images of rocks is necessary to quantify fluid saturation, connectivity, and interfacial geometry. However, current 3D segmentation methods are typically dataset-specific, requiring retraining or extensive fine-tuning whenever rock type, fluid pattern, scanner, or acquisition conditions change. Foundation

Konstantinos Alexoudis, Florian Azendorf, Alvaro Doval, Steinar Bjørnstad

Monitoring a 118 km subsea cable using Distributed acoustic, state-of-polarization, and Brillouin sensing captured storm-induced strain up to $\approx 0.003 \mu\epsilon$ (dynamic) and $\approx 180 \mu\epsilon$ (static), demonstrating consistent yet distinct modal responses to environmental loading.

Mauro Passacantando, Fabio Raciti

We study the inverse eigenvector centrality problem on connected undirected graphs, namely, whether a given positive vector can be realized by assigning suitable edge weights. We provide a complete characterization in terms of stable sets and their neighborhoods, showing that the undirected case requires nontrivial global constraints absent in the directed s

José R. Espinosa, Ryusuke Jinno, Thomas Konstandin, Shogo Matake

The Euclidean bounce for vacuum decay enjoys an $O(4)$ symmetry that is lost in the presence of impurities than can catalyze the decay. We present a formulation for the calculation of the tunneling decay action, that is explicitly positive definite, for impurities whose effects are spherically symmetric so that the bounce symmetry is reduced to $O(3)$. The a

Damien Roux, Giulia Guarda, Mujtaba Zahidy, Yunhong Ding

Long-range quantum entanglement is essential for building large-scale quantum networks and unconditionally secure cryptographic systems based on quantum key distribution (QKD). While photonic integrated circuits offer a highly scalable platform, the fragility of phase coherence between spatial modes has prevented the distribution of path-encoded entanglement

A. Pontin, Q. Deplano, F. Marino, F. Marin

We demonstrate optical squeezing below the shot-noise level generated through the interaction of an optical cavity field with two center-of-mass modes of a levitated nanoparticle, simultaneously cooled to occupation numbers well below unity. By analyzing the quadrature fluctuations of the cavity output through heterodyne detection, we resolve the full spectr

J. Cepila, V. P. Goncalves, A. Ridzikova

The impact of the sub - nucleon fluctuations on the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) process at the Electron - Ion Collider (EIC) is investigated considering proton and nuclear targets. Assuming the hot - spot model, we estimate the energy dependence of the coherent and incoherent cross - sections for different values of the photon virtuality and ato

Mar Tejedor, Javier Conejero, Rosa M. Badia

Hybrid quantum--classical workflows often execute large ensembles of circuits that differ syntactically but implement identical operations, leading to substantial redundant computation. To address this, we introduce the Quantum Circuit Cache, a content-addressable system that detects semantic equivalence and reuses previously computed results across executio

Pietro Benetti Genolini, Christopher Couzens, Alice Lüscher

We introduce equivariant localization as a method for computing the action of probe branes in supergravity backgrounds. We apply it to supersymmetric probe D3-branes in type IIB supersymmetric spacetimes obtained by uplifting the Kerr-Newman-AdS$_5$ black hole on a toric Sasaki-Einstein space. Depending on the cycles they wrap, such branes represent non-pert

Chong Ye, Wei-Liang Qian, Yue Cui, Dan Wen

As flow estimators, multi-particle correlators, particularly the higher-order ones, are generally regarded as effective tools for suppressing non-flow contributions. In this work, however, using two well-known toy models that simulate non-flow effects, we demonstrate that multi-particle correlators can, especially in small systems, yield estimates that devia

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta

The first evidence for the decay $B^+\to\pi^+ e^+ e^-$ is reported using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. A signal excess with a significance of 3.2$\sigma$ is observed and the branching fraction is measured to be $\cal{BR}(B^+

Chuanyang Li, Yao Chen, Bing Wang, Yutong Li

Using high-resolution data from the Chashan Broadband Solar radio spectrometer at meter wavelengths (CBSm) of the Chinese Meridian Project-Phase II (CMP-II), Li et al. (2025) identified a novel fine spectral structure of solar radio bursts, termed periodic beaded stripes, and proposed a generation mechanism. Here we report additional events and develop a qua

Raj Kumar Ranabhat, Tayler D Ross, Tony Jiao, Jeremie Larouche

Surgical training involves didactic teaching, mentor-led learning, surgical skills laboratories, and direct exposure to surgery; however, increasing clinical pressures have limited operating room (OR) exposure. This work leverages virtual reality (VR) to provide a safe and immersive training environment. Existing VR training is often based on standardized sc

Martina Marconi

Multi-messenger astronomy requires real-time systems capable of rapidly responding to external alerts and sharing significant detections with partner observatories. KM3NeT, a deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea, is actively contributing to these efforts through a dedicated real-time analysis framework. It comprises two detectors -

Hayate Iso, Tiyasa Mitra, Sudipta Mondal, Rasoul Shafipour

RL post-training of frontier language models is increasingly bottlenecked by autoregressive rollout generation, making rollout acceleration a central systems challenge. Many existing efficiency methods improve throughput by changing the rollout or optimization regime, for example, through off-policy execution, replay, or lower-precision generation. We study

Weijiang Zhao, Yifeng Xiong

The implementation of the \ac{isac} feature in \ac{6g} networks is most likely to be based on the framework of \ac{ofdm}. Input distribution design, or constellation design, is a crucial technique in \ac{ofdm}-\ac{isac} systems enabling a favorable balance between communication rate and sensing performance. In this treatise, we propose a computationally effi

Katelyn Crumpacker, Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an integral part of many real-world workflows. However, LLMs consume a lot of energy, which becomes a large concern in the scale of the demand for these tools. As LLMs become integrated into different workflows, different applications have arisen to deal with the challenge of running inference for these tools. This ra

Tomas Cassanelli, Pascual Marcone-Puga, Giampiero Naletto, Luca Zampieri

The Italian quantum eye (IQUEYE) is a fast photon counter based on the single photon avalanche diode detectors and capable of preserving a ~0.5 ns/h accuracy photon time of arrival. IQUEYE was originally developed for intensity interferometry experiments, but now its scientific scope has been extended towards ultra fast astronomy, including optical pulsars,

Zice Wang

Standard representation probing for visual models relies on mathematically permutation-invariant operations like Global Average Pooling (GAP) or CLS tokens, treating patch representations as an unstructured bag-of-words. We challenge this paradigm by demonstrating that token order is a critical, exploitable dimension in frozen visual representations (e.g., M

Omar Sallam, Mirjam Fürth

Climate change necessitates rapid expansion of renewable energy, with wind energy offering a scalable and low-impact solution. However, accurate prediction of wind loads and power generation remains challenging due to uncertainties in wind shear and turbulence stresses under atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) conditions. High-fidelity Large Eddy Simulations (L

Alejandro Fructuoso-Bonet, Jesús Rodríguez-López

We will generalize the concept of aggregation function for mathematical structures as a certain function between quantales. In fact, these functions turn to be exactly the lax morphism of quantales. This provides a global framework for the study of aggregation functions. As a consequence of our theory, we are able to deduce several known results about the ag

Zuzheng Kuang, Honghao Chang, Boqiang Liang, Haoqian Wang

Open-vocabulary change detection aims to identify semantic changes in bi-temporal remote sensing images without predefined categories. Recent methods combine foundation models such as SAM, DINO and CLIP, but typically process each timestamp independently or interact only at the final comparison stage. Such paradigms suffer from insufficient temporal coupling

Felix Kahlhoefer, Liangliang Su

The electron ionization predicted by the Migdal effect in dark matter-nucleus scattering enhances experimental sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter. In this work, we demonstrate that lower-energy electron excitations provide a novel and promising pathway, enabling the detection of even lighter dark matter particles previously considered inaccessible for direct

Ahmed Abdullah, Nikolas Ebert, Oliver Wasenmüller

Recent methods demonstrate that large-scale pretrained models, such as CLIP vision transformers, effectively detect AI-generated images (AIGIs) from unseen generative models when used as feature extractors. Many state-of-the-art methods for AI-generated image detection build upon the original CLIP-ViT to enhance this generalization. Since CLIP's release, num

Bertram Fuchs, Altay Kacan, Aaron Haag, Oliver Lohse

Automatic feature recognition (AFR) on B-Rep 3D-CAD models is central to CAD/CAM automation, yet most learning-based methods are complex, data-hungry, and evaluate instance grouping and semantic labeling separately. We present FeatureFox, a panoptic AFR pipeline that outputs machining instances with semantic labels: a calibrated binary edge classifier on enr

Robert Gloeckner, Shahram Panahiyan, Frederik Koch, Dieter Jaksch

We present a hardware-native gadget framework for solving constraint satisfaction problems on Rydberg quantum computing architectures. Our approach introduces a compact $xor_1$ gadget that enforces exactly-one constraints, ubiquitous in combinatorial optimization, directly through geometric embedding and blockade interactions. A key advantage of the $xor_1$

Catarina P. Loureiro, M. Rosário Oliveira, Paula Brito, Lina Oliveira

Interval-valued data are one of the most common symbolic data types, which enables the preservation of the underlying variability of the data. The interval mean and covariance matrix can be estimated using the barycenter approach based on the Mallows distance. However, as for conventional data, classical estimates can be significantly affected by anomalous d

Weihang Su, Hanwen Zhang, Qingyao Ai, Yiqun Liu

Parametric Retrieval-Augmented Generation (PRAG) encodes external documents into lightweight parameter modules that can be retrieved and merged at inference time, offering a promising alternative to in-context retrieval augmentation. Despite its potential, many PRAG implementations train document adapters with task-supervised objectives, which may cause each

Manar Aljohani, Brandon Ho, Kenneth McKinley, Dennis Ren

Accurate and consistent Emergency Severity Index (ESI) assignment remains a persistent challenge in emergency departments, where highly variable free-text triage documentation contributes to mistriage and workflow inefficiencies. This study evaluates whether open-source small language models (SLMs) can serve as reliable, privacy-preserving decision-support t

Weiyi Huang, Jerome S. Menet, Samiran Sinha

Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations that regulate various physiological processes and their disruption has been linked to many diseases, making it important to determine how gene-expression rhythms are altered across genotypes, treatments, or environmental exposures. Existing approaches for circadian transcriptomic analysis are often limited to pai

Mario Santilli

We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for a $ C^1 $-hypersurface to have all parallel sets nowhere $ C^1 $-regular. As a corollary, we deduce that for a generic $ C^1 $-regular convex body all interior parallel bodies have nowhere $ C^1 $-regular boundaries.

Ramana Murugesan

In this paper we show that the $\theta$ invariant generalizes the Rozansky-Overbay invariant.

Zhangzhi Xiong, Haoyi Wu, You Wu, Shuqi Gu

The Probabilistic Transformer (PT) establishes that the Transformer's self-attention plus its feed-forward block is mathematically equivalent to Mean-Field Variational Inference (MFVI) on a Conditional Random Field (CRF). Under this equivalence the Transformer ceases to be a black-box neural network and becomes a programmable factor graph: graph topology, fa

Chris Chambers, Yusufcan Masatolioglu, Paulo Natenzon, Collin Raymond

We provide a theoretical framework to understand how widely used measures of choice difficulty relate. In a binary-option Bayesian expected-utility framework, we show that three measures of difficulty, (i) understanding (ex-ante value), (ii) choice randomness, and (iii) confidence that the chosen option is ex post correct, are, in general, unrelated, and tha

BESIII Collaboration, M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson

Based on a sample of $(10087 \pm 44) \times 10^6$ $J/\psi$ events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we report the first observation of the decay $J/\psi \rightarrow K^- \Sigma^0 \bar{\Xi}^++c.c.$. A partial wave analysis is performed to investigate the involved excited states. In addition to the well-established $\Xi(1690)$, a new doubly-strange

Gaurav Duggal, Richard M. Buehrer, Harpreet S. Dhillon, Jeffrey H. Reed

Time-of-arrival (TOA)-based localization in mixed line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments is challenging because conventional Euclidean range models do not capture diffraction-dominated propagation. We show that the diffraction path-length model smoothly transitions between LOS and diffraction-dominated NLOS conditions, eliminating the

Zixuan Deng, Huian Lin, Liming Ling

This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of high-order vector rogue wave (RW) solutions of the coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger (CNLS) equation in the presence of multiple large internal parameters. We report several new high-order RW patterns in the CNLS system, including double-sector, double-heart, and mixed sector-heart configurations. The main nov

Giulia Cavicchioni, Eleonora Guerrini, Julien Lavauzelle

In this work, we study the codes over the integers with locality constraints. We introduce a weighted notion of locality over $\mathbb{Z}/q_1\mathbb{Z} \times \cdots \times \mathbb{Z}/q_n\mathbb{Z}$ and derive a Singleton-like bound for locally recoverable codes. We also propose some code constructions with locality, including integer analogs of Tamo--Barg c

Aneesha Avasthi, Benjamin Monreal, Ivana Moya

Searches for neutrinoless double beta decay are growing larger, with tonne-scale targets in several nuclides still far from exhausting the discovery space. What's beyond ton scale? Time projection chambers (TPCs) are one option for building large (100~T or kiloton-scale) instruments, but filling them with the familiar $^{136}$Xe for a $0\nu\beta\beta$ search

Niccolò Cribiori, Fotis Farakos, Alexandros Zarafonitis

We propose the first examples of scale-separated vacua with extended supersymmetry. They arise as circle compactifications of four-dimensional vacua of massive type IIA supergravity with scale separation, upon introducing additional fluxes and sources. We provide both the ten-dimensional solutions and the three-dimensional effective descriptions in terms of

Yifan Jing

We study stability theory in Hilbert spaces quantitatively. We prove that the inner product on the unit ball is $(k,ε)$-stable for all $k\ge \exp(π/ε)$, and it is not $(k,ε)$-stable for $k\le \exp(\log 2/ε)$, showing that the growth is necessarily exponential in $1/ε$. We then analyze how stability scales under nonlinear connectives applied to the inner prod

Benedikt Bollig

Runtime verification is a lightweight verification technique that complements model checking by analyzing system executions at runtime rather than exploring a complete system model in advance. It is particularly useful for partially observable or black-box systems, where uncertainty can only be resolved through observation. These lecture notes present automa

V Team, Wenyi Hong, Xiaotao Gu, Ziyang Pan

We present GLM-5V-Turbo, a step toward native foundation models for multimodal agents. As foundation models are increasingly deployed in real environments, agentic capability depends not only on language reasoning, but also on the ability to perceive, interpret, and act over heterogeneous contexts such as images, videos, webpages, documents, GUIs. GLM-5V-Tur

Chuanwei Dai, Yunbiao Zhao, Xiao Ouyang, Huaqing Huang

Ultrafast scintillators are indispensable for precise timing in high-energy physics and medical diagnostics. Fundamentally constrained by the trade-off between emission rate and light yield, conventional scintillators remain kinetically trapped in the sub-nanosecond regime, failing to break 50-picosecond limit. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to bypass this

Koki Otaki, Raffaella Schneider, Simone Bianchi, Joris Witstok

Recent JWST observations have revealed that some galaxies at $z \gtrsim 7$ generally exhibit relatively flat ultraviolet (UV) attenuation curves and a weak UV bump. These features suggest that the first dust grains formed rapidly, possibly originating from core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We investigate the time evolution of grain size distributions and extin

Yikuan Huang, Zheqi Fan, Kaiqi Hu, Yifan Ye

LLM agents are promising tools for empirical discovery, but their flexibility can also turn discovery into uncontrolled search. We study how to use agents under a reproducible protocol through cryptocurrency factor discovery. Our framework casts the task as sequential hypothesis search: an agent reads an append-only experiment trace, proposes falsifiable fac

Silvia Cianchi, Anibal Sanjab, Sergio Grammatico

Existing methods for learning Stackelberg equilibria typically assume that the followers' (variational, generalized) Nash equilibrium is unique. However, in the presence of multiple equilibria, without a selection convention, the problem may become ill-posed, thus leading standard algorithms to potentially fail to converge. This paper addresses this issue by

Tommi Heikkilä, Sara Heikkinen, Riina Rimppi, Tapio Helin

Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) is an IAEA-approved technique for verifying spent nuclear fuel assemblies prior to geological disposal. Reconstructing the emission and attenuation maps from PGET measurements is a nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem, currently solved with a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) scheme that requires 10-20 iterations to achieve suf

Shouyi Wang, Fan Zou, Chang-Hao Chen, W. N. Brandt

We report a detailed analysis of GAMA 376183, a powerful, heavily obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosted by a low-mass galaxy ($M_\star \approx 10^{10}~M_{\odot}$) likely experiencing a galaxy merger. The source was initially identified due to its remarkably strong [Ne v] $\lambda3426$ emission, exhibiting a rest-frame equivalent width (EW) of $\appro

Toni Soler-Terricabras, Mercè Romero-Gómez, Santi Roca-Fàbrega

We investigate the dynamical origin and kinematic signatures of spiral structure in an N-body simulation of an isolated barred galaxy, assessing whether invariant manifold theory provides a consistent dynamical framework to disentangle the disc particle populations and to identify those that genuinely build, trace, and sustain the spiral arms. We compute the

Paul Zheng, Yao Zhu, Xiaopeng Yuan, Yulin Hu

In the Internet-of-Things (IoT) era, efficient functionality integration is essential to address the growing demands of communication, computation, and sensing. Signal-level integrated sensing, computing, and communication (Sig-ISCC) is envisioned, where a single waveform simultaneously supports sensing, computing and communication via over-the-air computati

Nirnoy Basak, Sumathi Rao, Faruk Abdulla

We investigate electronic transport across a junction between a Weyl semimetal (WSM) and a layered Chern insulator (LCI) in the presence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the interface. The topological mismatch between the gapless Weyl semimetal and the momentum-resolved chiral edge modes of the layered Chern insulator leads to interface Fermi-arc states

Jung-Beom Kim, Woongsup Lee

Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) estimation is essential for wireless link management, yet conventional feedback-based approaches incur uplink overhead, suffer from measurement instability, and are subject to inherent feedback loop latency, rendering proactive adaptation infeasible. Although vision-based approaches have been explored, existing metho

P. RubÍ Pantaleón-Mondragón

We analyze the weight diagram associated with foliations on the complex projective plane through the Hilbert-Mumford criterion in Geometric Invariant Theory, focusing in particular on invariants such as the algebraic multiplicity and the existence of invariant curves.

Pericle Perazzo, Dario Capecchi

FlyClient is a lightweight blockchain verification protocol that enables proof-of-work validation using minimal data, making it ideal for resource-constrained environments like mobile wallets, Internet-of-Things devices or cross-chain bridges implemented with smart contracts. Despite its strong potential for enabling lightweight blockchain verification, FlyC

Masoud Ahookhosh, Jose M. M. de Brito, Alireza Kabgani, Felipe Lara

We study the optimization of (strongly) quasar-convex functions, a class that arises naturally in many machine learning and data science applications due to its favorable properties. The fundamental properties of this class are first developed, including its stability under standard calculus operations, growth conditions, and the absence of spurious critical

Svenja Hermann, Kévin Billon, Manuel Collet, Angela Madeo

This paper investigates the influence of interfaces on the performance of finite-sized mechanical metamaterial structures for vibration damping applications. The metamaterial structures are designed in a sandwich configuration in which two homogeneous plates are connected to a metamaterial array. We test four different arrays that are obtained from the same

Blaž Bertalanič, Carolina Fortuna

Multi-agent debate, where teams of LLMs iteratively exchange rationales and vote on answers, is widely deployed under the assumption that peer review filters hallucinations. Yet the failure dynamics of homogeneous debate remain poorly understood, therefore we report findings from a controlled empirical study of teams of $N{=}10$ homogeneous agents (Qwen2.5-7

Yanchen Guan, Haicheng Liao, Chengyue Wang, Zhenning Li

Traffic accidents are routinely documented in textual reports, yet physically grounded accident reconstruction remains difficult because detailed scene measurements and expert reconstructions are scarce, costly and hard to scale. Here we formulate accident reconstruction from publicly accessible reports and scene measurements as a parameterized multimodal le

Kun Ren, Wen Su, Li Liu, Ian W. McKeague

This paper proposes a flexible new framework for constructing Neyman-orthogonal scores in semiparametric models involving infinite-dimensional nuisance parameters. While locally estimation is vital for integrating machine learning into econometrics, deriving orthogonal scores for complex models remains a major challenge. We provide explicit construction stra

Yuye Wu, Hong-Bo Jin

Near-degenerate resonance poles arise widely in open-wave systems. For gravitational-wave ringdowns, inference is performed on finite time windows where neighboring quasinormal modes can be spectrally close; the waveform is then dominated by a common carrier with a slowly varying interference envelope, while representing the signal as a sum of two independen

Xiejin Li, Fenghui Zhang, Yinghe Zhao, Cheng Li

The radial profile of binary fraction may vary with environment and is of significant importance for studying the formation mechanisms of binary stars and their dynamical evolution within globular clusters (GCs) and galaxies. However, existing studies remain limited to the Milky Way and its neighboring galaxies. Leveraging the method proposed by Zhang et al.

Diego Alba Alonso, Javier Sánchez González

The purpose of this article is to study certain binary relations of endomorphisms over infinite dimensional vector spaces defined by GD1 and 1GD generalized inverses. In order to do so, these generalized inverses are studied over arbitrary vector spaces (namely, infinite dimensional ones) using finite potent endomorphisms. We characterize them in terms of th

Konstantinos Bampouras, Karl-Mikael Perfekt

We prove that if a small Hankel operator on the product Hardy space belongs to some Schatten class $S^p$, $p < \infty$, then it has a symbol in product BMO. In other words, the conclusion of Nehari's theorem holds under the hypothesis that the operator belongs to a Schatten class.

Diana Méndez-Avalos, Théo Louzada Meireles, Morgan W. Mitchell, Aleksandra Sierant

We use a $^{87}\text{Rb}$ atomic vapor, suitable for an optically-pumped magnetometer (OPM) in Earth-field conditions, to study the noise properties of three strategies for generating pulsed optical pumping. We compare a frequency-modulated (FM) laser, amplitude modulation (AM) via an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), and amplitude modulation via a semiconducto

Giorgia Bonomelli

After the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) upgrade into High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the instantaneous luminosity is expected to reach values up to 7.5x10^34cm^2/s, causing a harsher radiation environment as well as a significant increase in data rate. The current CMS Tracker detector would not be able to operate under these conditions and it will be replaced by

Zhiguo Wang, Yuanyang Guo, Zhenggang Rao, Zhibin Wen

The coupling between light and strain gradients shows two kinds of effects: light enhanced flexoelectricity (photoflexoelectricity) and gradient enhanced photovoltage (flexophotovoltage). Although these effects originate from fundamentally different physical mechanisms (one is light enhanced electromechanical coupling, the other is a bulk photovoltaic effect

Viorel Barbu, Michael Röckner

This work is concerned with the probabilistic representation of solutions to the $p$-Laplace evolution equation $\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}={\rm div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)$ in $(0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^d$, $u(0,x)=u_0(x),$ $x\in\mathbb{R}^d$. One proves that, if $p\geq 4$, and if $u_0$ is a probability density with compact support and $u_0\in L^2$,

Aida Amini, Shruti Verma, Katharina Kohlmann, Sebastian Obernberger

Laser annealing offers a promising route to back end of the line fabrication of ferroelectric thin film transistors based on hafnium-zirconium oxide (HZO). Due to the wide band gap of this material, previous reports have studied the crystallization of HZO using ultraviolet or infrared light. In contrast, we monitor its crystallization in a Si$_3$N$_4$/TiN/Hf

Sobhan Subhra Mishra, Ranjan Singh

Modern information technologies rely on controlling the flow of electrons through their charge and spin. A rapidly emerging alternative is to use the orbital motion of electrons, the way they circulate around atomic sites as a new carrier of information. This orbital angular momentum (OAM) could enable more energy-efficient devices and reduce reliance on sca

Marek Góźdź, Andrzej Góźdź, Krzysztof Lider

In the Schr\"odinger evolution of a quantum state time enters as a real parameter representing the coordinate. In a more consistent approach time should be defined as a quantum observable, with the evolution taking place in a four-dimensional spacetime. This is possible in the projection evolution model in which the wave function is defined in both space and

Bastian B. Brandt, Gergely Endrodi

This chapter, to appear in the section on QCD under extreme conditions within the Encyclopedia of Nuclear Physics, aims to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics of quarks and gluons in the presence of high temperature, nonzero (isospin) density and strong background electromagnetic fields. Extreme conditions of these types are relevant for the de

Hung P. Hoang, Naoto Ohsaka, Rin Saito, Yuma Tamura

In the Independent Set Reconfiguration problem under the Token Addition/Removal rule, given a graph $G$ and two independent sets $I$ and $J$ of $G$, we want to transform $I$ into $J$ by adding and removing vertices, such that all the sets throughout the process are independent sets. Its approximate version called MaxMin Independent Set Reconfiguration aims t

Konstantinos Kourliouros, Iacopo P. Longo, Martin Rasmussen

In this paper we propose a finite-dimensional and deterministic approach to the study of invariant sets of certain nonautonomous differential inclusions naturally arising in the context of random and control dynamical systems, as well as in systems modeling the dynamical propagation of uncertainty. In particular, to any such differential inclusion, we associ

Diego Alba Alonso, Javier Sánchez González

Core-nilpotent endomorphisms over an arbitrary vector space form the largest subset of the ring of endomorphisms over that arbitrary vector space which admit a decomposition as sum of two endomorphisms satisfying the analogous properties as the well known core-nilpotent decomposition of matrices. In this paper we present a new description of core-nilpotent e

Yan Wang, Shao-qi Lin, Rui-qi Shen, Fang-liang Chen

The memory effects in open quantum systems can induce information backflow and revive quantum correlations, thereby providing a powerful way to protect and recover useful quantum resources in realistic noisy environments. However, such dynamics remains experimentally unexplored in multipartite quantum steering. Here we observe different non-Markovian evoluti

Gabriel Schmid

This thesis is devoted to the study of hyperbolic differential operators on globally hyperbolic manifolds, linear gauge theories and their quantisation. In the first part, we treat the Cauchy problem for symmetric hyperbolic systems and normally hyperbolic operators on globally hyperbolic manifolds from first principles. Although hyperbolic equations are usu

Miguel Isabel, Enric Rodríguez-Carbonell, Clara Rodríguez-Núñez, Albert Rubio

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are an emerging technology that has become the solution to efficiently provide security and privacy along with the transparency requirement of blockchains. ZKPs are usually expressed by means of arithmetic circuits and, more generally, systems of polynomial equations in a large prime field (commonly ranging from 64-bit to 256-bit

J. González-Payo, J. A. Caballero, C. Cifuentes, M. Cortés-Contreras

The study of stellar multiplicity offers important constraints on the structure of the Galaxy as well as stellar and planet formation and evolution. Focusing on the most immediate solar neighbourhood benefits from obtaining both complete and accurate data for reliable statistics. Our goal is to describe the solar neighbourhood within 10 pc in terms of multip

Guiyi Zeng, Junqing Yu, Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen, Xu Chen

Recent advances in self-evolution video understanding frameworks have demonstrated the potential of autonomous learning without human annotations. However, existing methods often suffer from weakly controlled optimization and uncontrolled difficulty progression, as they lack structured guidance throughout the iterative learning process. To address these limi

Sayantan Banerjee

In many analyses the object reported at the end is not fixed in advance, but is chosen after a preliminary search over variables, subgroups, transformations, models or contrasts. Classical selective-inference methods are most effective when this search can be written as an explicit selection event. This note treats the less structured case in which the selec

Bifeng Lei, Bin Qiao, Matt Zepf, Guoxing Xia

We present a classical theory of relativistic surface plasmon (RSP) excitation at a smooth plasma-vacuum interface driven by either a ponderomotive force or an electric field of an intense laser pulse. Starting from Maxwell equations coupled to a cold-fluid plasma response, we derive a general driven wave equation for the RSP and solve it analytically. We sh

Yue Li, Penghui Yang, Yushan Xiao, Zhonghan Zhang

Scientific discovery often begins where observation and prediction disagree. As computation and machine learning survey chemical space, experiment-simulation mismatches are exposed at scale, while tracing them to physical mechanisms remains expert-led. Here we present eXplainable DFT (XDFT), a self-evolving agent that turns this process into an executable se

Nikita Rawat, David A. H. Buckley, John R. Thorstensen, Christian Knigge

We present the first detailed optical study of the cataclysmic variable SRGA J115215.0$-$510656, based on new time-resolved photometric and spectroscopic observations complemented by long-baseline Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. The TESS light curve reveals deep, recurring eclipses consistent with a high-inclination geometry and an orbital

Chunyu Chen, Long Chen, Xuehai Huang

The exact-sequence structure behind the Arnold--Douglas--Gupta family of higher-order mixed finite elements for plane elasticity on barycentric refinements is made explicit. On each macro triangle, the symmetric stress space is obtained by enriching polynomial stresses with three locally supported functions. We derive closed-form formulas for these enrichmen

Jacques Demongeot, Alonso Espinoza Rojas, Eric Goles, Marco Montalva-Medel

Boolean networks are powerful mathematical tools for modeling the qualitative dynamics of genetic regulation. Yet inferred models often generate spurious attractors that lack biological viability. In this paper, we propose a parsimonious computational framework to systematically refine Boolean network models by eliminating these non-biological asymptotic beh

Tibor Kiss, Dóra Koroknai

In 2014, Michal Lewicki and Andrzej Olbry\'s proved that if a real valued function $f$ defined on the real line satisfies the conditional functional equation \[ f(tx + (1-t)y) = t f(x) + (1-t) f(y),\qquad x\leq y, \] called non-symmetrically $t$-affine, then it is $t$-affine. That is, they concluded that $f$ must fulfill the above equality without any restri

Xian-Peng Zhang, Yan-Qing Feng, Ji-Feng Shao, Haiwen Liu

In modern condensed matter theory, phases of electronic matter--such as metals and insulators-are fundamentally distinguished by the presence or absence of charge-carrying quasiparticles or excitations near the Fermi surface at low temperatures. Here, we show that this criterion breaks down in Berry-curvature-dominated systems, where transport is governed by