August 2026 arXiv papers

Darby M. Kramer, Alexander van Engelen, Frank J. Qu, Christopher Cain

While we have learned much from recent surveys of the mm-wave sky, many secondary anisotropies of the CMB remain under-explored. We consider two of these here: the anisotropic screening induced by Thomson scattering of CMB photons off free electrons, and cosmic birefringence, the rotation of CMB polarization due to parity-violating physics beyond the standar

Graham Van Goffrier, Debasish Banerjee, Bipasha Chakraborty, Emilie Huffman

Maximally mixed state spectral sampling is an unbiased quantum algorithm that allows for extraction of a finite-resolution spectral distribution from a Hamiltonian over potentially the entire allowed range of energies. We show how it may be focused on any desired area of the spectrum in order to learn about the full \textit{fingerprint} of the model of inter

Tianjie Ju, Zheng Wu, Yueqing Sun, Yuhan Cui

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can interpret a street view, but urban agency depends on whether such local evidence remains useful after the agent starts to move. In this paper, we investigate how far current MLLM agents can turn local urban perception into reliable action in a complicated real-scale city. We propose UrbanGround, the first sandbox

Yufan Wu, Yinghui He, Zhengyi Hu, Lang Wei

Recent advances in inference-time scaling have significantly improved the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). However, these methods typically rely on repeated generation or external verification. To address this limitation, we introduce CritICL, a novel inference-time framework that improves reasoning while maintaining high efficiency. Ou

Liyan Tang, Cyrus Rashtchian, Chun-Sung Ferng, Andrew Tomkins

Agent skills package specialized knowledge and workflows into reusable resources that extend AI agent capabilities. Recent work automatically discovers such skills from agent experience, which enables agents to progressively adapt through interaction. However, the insights that guide skill development typically remain scattered across optimization histories,

Zhengyan Darius Shi

Continuous quantum phase transitions in interacting many-body systems exhibit universal phenomena that are largely independent of microscopic details. An organizing principle distilled from canonical examples such as the magnetic transition in Ising models is that the low-energy physics of transitions between gapped phases is governed by scale-invariant quan

Binayyak Bhusan Roy, Jay Deep Sau, Sumanta Tewari

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are spatially separated, near-zero-energy excitations expected at the ends of a topological superconducting (TS) wire. A quantum-dot interferometer can be used to probe the quantum capacitance of the TS wire, and the location and magnitude of the capacitance resonances provide information about the MZMs, while their magnetic flux d

Chiké Abuah

Empirical comparisons between systems are a standard form of evidence in computer science research, but few are checked for statistical validity: most are never framed as statistical tests at all. Existing multiple-comparison procedures could control the resulting error, but need inputs (what an analysis examined, and how its observations are arranged) that

Max Blans

We prove an $(\infty,2)$-categorical version of Koszul duality for operads and cooperads in spectra by showing that there is an equivalence between a Morita category of operads and bimodules and a dual Morita category of cooperads and bicomodules. This result subsumes various forms of operadic Koszul duality present in the literature.

Dewu Zheng, Ruizhe Ye, Yanlin Wang, Yang Ye

To improve large language models' ability to resolve real-world software issues, prior work has focused on constructing large-scale agent trajectory datasets and performing supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on successful trajectories. However, task success does not guarantee high-quality supervision: successful trajectories may still contain ineffective, redu

Aozhe Wang, Zhengxi Lu, Jianze Wang, Shangke Lv

Recent prominent post-training methods, such as Reinforcement Learning (RL) and On-Policy Self-Distillation (OPSD), have driven rapid progress in mathematical reasoning for large language models, yet their reliance on ground-truth labels precludes test-time training (TTT). Replacing ground truth with majority-vote pseudo-labels is a natural alternative, yet

Le-Feng Chen, Kilar Zhang

We give an all-level proof of the four-point $SU(2)$ AGT correspondence with four fundamental hypermultiplets at generic $β=-ε_1/ε_2$, by proving an all-level factorization formula for Selberg averages of generalized Jack polynomials. Taking a coefficientwise Jack limit of the generalized Macdonald Pieri rule, we obtain the required one-box matrix elements i

Jonah Herzog-Arbeitman, Eslam Khalaf, Zhaoyu Han

Exactly solvable quantum many-body models are rare, and even when their spectra are algebraically organized, dynamical responses generally remain difficult to obtain because they probe an extensive number of excited states. Here we show that quantum geometric nesting (QGN) models admit an unusually strong form of solvability rooted in \emph{Fock-space fragme

Elena Derunova, Mazhar N. Ali

We develop a geometric description of spin-dependent transport based on the local geometric structure of electronic bands and the Fermi surfaces. For quasi-two-dimensional systems, we show that hyperbolic regions of constant-energy surfaces generate a geometrical contribution to the Fermi velocity that couples naturally to electron spin and produces a spin-c

Mario Di Luca, Emily Hajigeorgiou, Ning Ma, Alexandra Waldherr

Measuring the charge of the quasiparticles hosted by even-denominator fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states is essential to identify the topology of their ground state. Here, we use a gate-defined antidot in bilayer graphene, with an additional gate to control only the antidot potential, to measure the charge of the quasiparticles trapped around it in even-de

Ting Yan

AI agents are poised to become a primary interface to digital products, acting across email, files, payments, and personal data. People without professional software backgrounds need understandable, reusable ways to control actions across services. We examine a mechanism in which a language model maps actions to plain-language consequence categories with use

Dewu Zheng, Yanlin Wang, Xiwen Wang, Kefeng Duan

In real-world software development, code review typically involves iterative interactions between developers and reviewers to improve software quality, making the process costly and time-consuming. Although recent work explores large language models (LLMs) for automated code review, most approaches oversimplify code review into a single-round, static decisio

Daniil Serebrennikov

In this paper, we prove finiteness results for K-trivial varieties in all dimensions. In dimension 2, these results are corollaries of the Global Torelli Theorem for polarized K3 surfaces. In particular, we establish a sufficient condition when two fibers of a projective family of K-trivial varieties are isomorphic via the Hodge theory. As applications, we p

Ratul Thakur, Sthitadhi Roy

The physics of information scrambling in quantum many-body systems is intimately related to thermalisation and emergence of chaos. However, its standard characterisation through bipartite entanglement or operator growth remains inherently coarse-grained, obscuring the spatiotemporal anatomy of how quantum information flows between different regions of the sy

Junjie Zhang, Hui Liu, Kecheng Chen, Xianbo Mo

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in product-level execution harnesses, where jailbreaks can trigger harmful tool use and persistent state changes, creating greater risks than unsafe text generation alone. Existing automatic red-teaming methods often rely on fixed attacks, while recent agentic attackers coordinate multiple jailbreak tools and show s

Nathaniel Libman, Weston Miller

We prove that the $q$-Ehrhart series of a hyperplane slice of a cube is a rational function with an explicit denominator that satisfies $q$-reciprocity, confirming a conjecture of Reiner and Rhoades for these polytopes. To do this, we find a generating set for the orbit harmonics ideal, which also yields the Hilbert series and graded Frobenius characteristic

András Gáspár, Jarron M. Leisenring, Schuyler Grace Wolff, Kellen Lawson

Debris disks, composed of rocks, boulders, planetesimals, and the dust produced in their collisions, present the most readily observable components of mature planetary systems. They also serve as valuable diagnostic tools, enabling studies of planetary dynamical interactions and mineral compositions. Observed from optical to radio wavelengths, each band reve

Kai Tokunaga

Low-dimensional reduction theories such as the Ott-Antonsen ansatz have played a crucial role in the study of populations of coupled oscillators. Their application, however, has largely been restricted to systems with frequency distributions of rational-function form, such as the Cauchy distribution. For such distributions, the residue theorem allows the dyn

A. Dauletiyarova, F. Mashurov, B. Sartayev

Let $A$ be a commutative-associative algebra with an invertible derivation $D$, and put $R=D^{-1}$. We study the operations \begin{equation*} x\succ y=R(x)y,\qquad x\prec y=xD(y), \end{equation*} which define a Novikov-Zinbiel algebra. Using a simple graded model, we represent multilinear $\prec,\succ$-monomials by rational functions and construct an explici

Martin Kassabov, J. M. Landsberg, Victor Souza, Philip Speegle

This paper addresses centroids, which are fundamental invariants of tensors. Our main results are as follows: (i) The construction of explicit tensors with very large centroids, whereas previously it had been conjectured that none such exist. (ii) An upper bound on the dimension of the centroid that is essentially attained by our examples. (iii) The developm

Zehao Sha, Jian Wang

In this paper, we develop the weighted level set method for a Kähler manifold $(X^n,ω)$ admitting an almost holomorphic map to a possibly singular base $Z$, which is not uniruled. As a key intermediate result, we prove that any blowup $\operatorname{Bl}_SX$ of $X$ along smooth submanifolds $S$ of $ \operatorname{codim} S\ge2$ admits a sequence of Kähler metr

Kristina Ago, Bojan Bašić, Radojka Ciganović

Let $q(n)$ denote the largest number of queens that can be placed on an $n\times n$ chessboard so that no queen attacks more than one other queen. We prove that $q(n)=\lfloor4n/3\rfloor$ for every $n\geqslant6$, and that $q(n)=n$ for $n\leqslant5$, which settles a previously conjectural value. As a corollary, we also settle that, in the version of the proble

Cyrille Kenne

In this paper, we study the dependence of the propagation speed on the diffusion ratio in a Lotka-volterra competition-diffusion system under strong competition. The model is known to admits a unique monotone travelling front connecting two exclusion equilibria and the sign of its speed determines which species invades the territory occupied by the other. We

Mehul Shah, Robert Fiszer, Marek Perkowski

Quantum algorithms promise advantages beyond classical reach, but running them on error-corrected hardware requires translating Boolean specifications into reversible circuits, and the resources that translation demands determine what is executable. Established methods minimize a Boolean expression and map it to a circuit, assuming the minimized form is best

Nguyen Xuan-Vu, Octavian Susanu, Daniel Armstrong, Philippe Schwaller

Chemical reactions are fundamentally transformations in electron space, yet most machine learning approaches model them either through \textit{de novo} generation of product molecules or through heuristic graph edits that operate directly on molecular topology. We introduce MAELLE (\textbf{M}ech\textbf{A}nistic \textbf{E}dit f\textbf{L}ow-matching on e\textb

Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson, Samuel Kiegeland, Manuel de Prada Corral, Ryan Cotterell

Transduced language models (TLMs) compose a pretrained \emph{source} language model with a functional finite-state transducer to induce a language model over \emph{target} strings. Computing the probability of a target prefix under a TLM amounts to summing the source-model probabilities of all source strings that the transducer maps to target strings beginni

Yisen Xi

Large language model (LLM) agents in governed organizations must let the persona (instructions, tone, self-presentation) evolve freely, while keeping execution (stateful, audited work) traceable. A single trust domain does not satisfy both cheaply. We present Persona-Execution Separation (PES): persona and execution reside in different trust domains, connect

Elie Bataille, Gyohei Nomura, Manuel Endres

Rydberg entangling gates driven by a two-photon transition in alkali atoms suffer from an adverse scaling of light-shift-induced errors. Robustness to such detuning errors is known to be impossible to achieve in the design of conventional Rydberg gate protocols, where only one of the qubit states is coupled to the Rydberg state. Here, we show that in a more

Michael Bo, Madelyn Burns, Junyang Chen, Blaise Marsho

A web is a plane graph encoding an invariant vector in a tensor product of fundamental representations of a quantum group. A stranding of an $\mathfrak{sl}_n$ web is a system of colored oriented curves recording one monomial of the vector it encodes. This article focuses on identifying and constructing leading term strandings, those recording the leading ter

Qianlong Lan, Vinothini Pandurangan, Anuj Kaul, Indranil Sanyal

Static scanners are increasingly used to identify executable or otherwise unsafe content in machine- learning artifacts, yet conventional evaluation metrics characterize only cases where a scanner yields a usable security judgment. We evaluate ModelScan, ModelAudit, and Fickling using a controlled, artifact-backed benchmark on a synthetic corpus of 170 Pickl

B. Campos, P. Munch, V. O. Ferreira, D. C. Boffito

We present a finite element framework to simulate rotating mixing devices using the Mortar Element Method as a domain decomposition strategy. The model is implemented within a matrix-free Navier-Stokes framework which uses a high-order Continuous Galerkin method. The discretized domain is subdivided into rotor and stator parts. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Euleri

Edgar Chavez

We present misi, an inverted index for approximate nearest-neighbor search over general metric spaces whose vocabulary is a random sample of the database, of size proportional to $n$. Each object is represented by its $k_b$ nearest sample points, found by a pluggable inner index over the sample; queries are answered by an idf-weighted shared-neighbor vote fo

Kevin Zhu, Ryan Zhang, Baraa Abed, Tilendra Choudhary

Currently used sepsis severity indices rely on fixed variables and weights established decades ago, which are coarsely discretized and calibrated to a cohort that no longer reflects contemporary critical care. No alternative learned directly from patient trajectories is in routine use. We conducted a retrospective two-cohort study on a total of 29,116 and 7,

Xingyu Shen, Huishuai Zhang, Peng Li, Yinchun Wang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) significantly improves LLM reasoning but often causes a drop in policy entropy, leading to narrowed reasoning coverage and degraded pass@$k$ for large $k$. While existing methods mitigate this entropy collapse through algorithmic regularizations, cross-model non-parametric perturbation is also neglected.

Léonard Brice, F. Thomas Bruss, Anirban Majumdar, Jean-François Raskin

In this paper, we consider Robbins' problem, which is a full information variant of the well-known secretary selection problem. In this version of the problem, the goal is to minimize the expected rank of the selected candidate among $n$ that are interviewed sequentially, and a decision to select or not the $m^{th}$ candidate needs to be taken right afte

Sun-Kai Leung

For $a,c\in\mathbb{N}$ and $b,d\in\mathbb{Z}$ such that the (non-empty) set \[ R_{a,b,c,d} :=\left\{\frac{an+b}{\,cn+d\,}: n\in\mathbb{N}\right\} \cap\bigl(\mathbb{Q}_{>0}\setminus\{1\}\bigr) \] is multiplicatively recurrent, we give a complete characterization of the set of limit points of every unimodular multiplicative function $f\in\mathcal{M}$ along $R_

Chanho Park, Daehyeon Choi, Jihyun Lee, Minhyuk Sung

Vision-language models (VLMs) can locate an image region referred to by a text prompt and route the corresponding visual evidence to the output, yet the internal mechanism behind this behavior is not understood. Inspired by retrieval heads in large language models, we ask whether VLMs contain an analogous mechanism for visual retrieval. We answer affirmative

Hermann Wilhelm

The Non-Cancelling Intersections (NCI) conjecture of Amarilli, Monet and Suciu [arXiv:2401.16210] states that the union of a finite family of sets can always be built from its algebraically non-cancelling intersections using only disjoint unions and subset complements. In Wilhelm [arXiv:2608.19414] the conjecture was shown to fail when the witnessing dot-alg

Marco Calabrese, Gino Biondini, Christopher Chong, Panayotis Kevrekidis

We study the formation and interaction of dispersive shock waves (DSWs) in the two-dimensional Toda lattice subject to wedge-type initial conditions, and show that their interaction gives rise to a discrete analog of Mach reflection for dispersive shock waves in discrete systems. The initial jump across each leg of the wedge acts locally as a Riemann problem

Patrik Lundström, Johan Öinert, Laura Orozco, Héctor Pinedo

Let $R$ be a nonzero associative unital ring, let $G$ be a group, and let $ρ$ be a preorder on $\{1,\ldots,n\}$. A $G$-grading on $ρ$ induces a very good $G$-grading on the structural matrix ring $M_n(ρ,R)$. We show that, for each of the properties trivial, symmetric, epsilon-strong and strong, the grading on $ρ$ has the property if and only if the induced r

Maksim Utushkin, Andrei Ovsiannikov, Alexander D'yakonov

Friend recommendation is inherently graph-structured: the relevance of a potential connection depends on multi-hop social context rather than user attributes alone. However, deploying message-passing GNNs on a production-scale social graph with hundreds of millions of users and tens of billions of edges requires addressing numerous modeling and systems chall

Egor Eremeev, Evgeny Ivanov

We construct Casimir operators of $4D, \,\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry algebra in the harmonic superspace approach, and provide the explicit expressions for them in terms of covariant derivatives in the analytic basis. Specifically, the superisospin operator $C_I$ is expressed in terms of new 'long' harmonic derivatives $\nabla^{\pm\pm}, \nabla^0$ as

Suguru Hosoi, Sejun Park, Michihiro Hirata, Minseong Lee

A continuous transition between phases hosting distinct excitations---bosonic magnons versus fermionic spinons---is a long-sought phenomenon in quantum magnetism, analogous to the confinement--deconfinement transition in quantum chromodynamics. We report evidence for such a transition in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet TlYbS$_2$. Antiferromagnetic ord

Arjun Bagchi, Prateksh Dhivakar, Alok Laddha, Partha Paul

Okuda and Penedones (OP) \cite{Okuda:2010ym} showed the existence of a double scaling limit of four point correlators in ${\cal N}=4$ Supersymmetric Yang Mills (SYM) theory in four spacetime dimensions (4$d$) dual to the flat space limit of tree-level string amplitude in $\mathbb{R}^{1,9}$ with external kinematics in $\mathbb{R}^{1,4}$. In this paper, we sho

Siye Wu, Kai Yang, Yuchen Cai, Xin Xu

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) improves specific capabilities of large language models, but covering multiple capabilities often involves training separate domain experts and subsequently consolidating them. We organize three fusion paradigms by the artefacts they reuse: Merge combines expert task vectors, Mix RL pools their datasets,

Carson Dudley, Reiden Magdaleno, Marisa Eisenberg

Large-scale, standardized datasets have driven many advances in AI-based scientific modeling, from protein structure prediction to natural language processing. Infectious disease epidemiology is increasingly adopting AI methods for forecasting, surveillance, and outbreak analytics, but the time-series data available to train them remains orders of magnitude

Agniv Chatterjee, Georgios Pavlakos

Estimation of Human-Object Interactions in 3D (3D HOI) is a fundamental problem in 3D computer vision with applications in AR/VR, robotics, and embodied AI. However, reconstructing these interactions in 3D remains challenging due to depth ambiguities, occlusions, and object shape variability. Existing approaches are primarily concerned with reprojection and

Kechen Liu, Ola Shorinwa

State-of-the-art action-conditioned video models are typically restricted to a single robot embodiment, preventing them from leveraging the vast corpus of heterogeneous video data that contains rich signals for learning generalizable physics. To bridge this gap, we introduce CLAP, a framework for cross-embodiment action-conditioned video generation capable o

Sam Beilis, Israel R. Curbelo, Elizabeth R. Koizumi

The online Ramsey game for graphs $G$ and $H$ is played on the infinite complete graph $K_\mathbb{N}$. In each round, Builder chooses an edge, and Painter colors it red or blue. The online Ramsey number $\tilde{r}(G,H)$ is the smallest integer $t$ for which Builder has a strategy guaranteeing a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$ within $t$ rounds. For eve

Yaobin Chen, Hong Liu, Xia Wang, Xin Wei

Erdős and Gallai in 1959 proved the seminal result that every $n$-vertex graph with no cycle of length at least $2t+2$ has at most $\frac{2t+1}{2}(n-1)$ edges. We prove the extension that, for every sufficiently large $t$, the same quantity is also the sharp extremal bound for graphs with no $t$ consecutive even cycle lengths, resolving a conjecture of Verst

Jiucheng Dai, Daniel Halpern-Leistner, Mingjun Sun, Ni Tang

We study the moduli of isolated non-normal singularities by introducing the functor $\mathrm{Crimp}_S^d(X)$ of crimpings of $(X \to S)$ corank $d$. This globalizes Ishii's moduli functor of subrings of finite colength. By verifying Artin's criteria, we prove that if $X \to S$ is a separated morphism of finite presentation, then $\mathrm{Crimp}_S^d(X)

Orion Reblitz-Richardson

How do large language models (LLMs) organize moral knowledge? Models detect moral content broadly, but detection is a low bar. We ask whether they go further, distinguishing moral foundations from one another and organizing the relationships between them geometrically. We train six independent linear probes on open-weight language models, one per Moral Found

Sarah P. Marcum, Lars Stixrude, Edward D. Young

Many sub-Neptunes are expected to contain long-lived molten silicate interiors beneath dense H2-rich envelopes. At pressures and temperatures near the atmosphere-interior boundary, MgSiO3 and H2 may become fully miscible, forming a supercritical silicate-hydrogen fluid. Here we use density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations to construct a self-

David Lomeli, Kedron Silsbee, Alexei Ivlev, Marta Obolentseva

The far-ultraviolet (FUV) field, consisting of photons with energies between 6 and 13.6 electron volts, plays an important role in the chemical and thermodynamical evolution of the interstellar medium. FUV continuum radiation is produced by bright stars in the galaxy and absorbed by interstellar dust. We used newly available maps of the dust distribution, in

Shunji Matsuura, Yoji Kawamura, Joseph Salfi, Satoshi Iso

Krylov and Lanczos approximations are used in quantum dynamics, quantum subspace methods, and Hamiltonian learning. A practical question is how long an $m$-dimensional Krylov truncation can be trusted. We argue that this time is fixed by causal propagation on the associated Jacobi chain. The relevant distance is not the Krylov index itself, but the inhomogen

Gongping Niu

Let $\mathbf{C}=\partial E\subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ be a regular area-minimizing hypercone. We first prove that $\mathbf{C}$ is simultaneously strictly stable and strictly minimizing if and only if there exists $c_\mathbf{C}>0$ such that \[ \operatorname{Per}(F;B_R)-\operatorname{Per}(E;B_R) \geq c_\mathbf{C} \int_{F\mathbin\triangle E} \frac{\operatorname{d

Jin Mu, Guanhua Chen

Clinical language models can achieve strong in-hospital accuracy yet fail under deployment shifts because they exploit note-specific artifacts (e.g., templates, separators, boilerplate) that do not reflect patient state. We propose CAST (Concept-guided Artifact Suppression Tuning), an SAE-based framework for auditable clinical text classification. CAST uses

Arpan Sadhukhan, Suraj Kumar Sahoo

For every natural number $r\geq 2$, we construct $r^{th}$ powers of bipartite graphs whose chromatic number is quadratic in their clique number, showing that the straightforward quadratic upper bound is best possible. We thereby settle an open problem posed by Chakraborty, Chandran, Jacob and Pillai [J. Graph Theory 112(3) (2026), 235-254] by establishing th

Lukas Kuhn, Lucas Maes, Giuseppe Serra, Quentin Le Lidec

Video carries the temporal structure of the physical world, yet learning representations from it has remained computationally expensive: prevailing self-supervised methods either prevent representation collapse through architectural asymmetries, coupling an exponential-moving-average target encoder, a stop-gradient, and a capacity-limited predictor, or circu

Maayan Sharon, Tom Hope

Retrieved scientific literature can serve as inspiration for both human and AI scientists. Inspiration can take different forms: prior work may directly suggest how to address a problem, or surface directions at different levels of abstraction - zooming out to a more general view or zooming in to a concrete realization. We introduce RATIO (Retrieval Across T

Koto Omiloli, Olugbenga Moses Anubi

Power grid state estimation relies on sensor measurements that are increasingly vulnerable to adversarial corruption in cyberphysical environments, potentially leading to significant deviations in system observations. This motivates the need to identify critical measurement nodes whose compromise results in the most severe system-level impact. However, exist

Timothy Oladunni, Farouk Ganiyu-Adewumi

Camera-derived remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is commonly validated through endpoint accuracy, but endpoint performance does not establish whether other physiological properties of source contact photoplethysmography (PPG) remain preserved recording by recording. We evaluated property-specific PPG-to-rPPG recoverability on 655 recordings from the Multi-D

Sil Hamilton, Albert Yu Sun, Oscar J. Romero, Carl-Leander Henneking

LLMs are increasingly able to answer complex questions about enterprise-scale document collections. But evaluation is hard: companies don't want to share internal communications, and synthetic datasets have been overly simple. We present CorporateBench (CB), a human-validated multi-task Q&A benchmark whose scale approaches the conditions LLMs encounter i

Xinran Adeline Li, Kexin Zhang, Yuhang Zhao, Yaxing Yao

People with disabilities (PWD) are increasingly engaging in social virtual reality (VR) platforms, where immersive and embodied interactions can intensify negative experiences. While prior work has examined harassment in VR, little is known about the harms experienced by PWD and the perceived severity associated with different harassment and disability types

Hannah V. Bish, J. E. G. Peek, Catherine Zucker, Karl D. Gordon

We present a three-dimensional model of the local interstellar radiation field (ISRF) in the ultraviolet (UV). Using UV flux measurements from the TD1 catalog and stellar distances from Gaia and Hipparcos, we construct a catalog of stars that we expect to dominate the UV flux in the nearby Galaxy. We use the radiative transfer code DIRTY to model the propaga

Omer Guleryuz

Can a finite quantum episode populate a classical future that the same prepared state never reaches deterministically? We show that it can, using inflation as a cosmological laboratory. In our supergravity realization, two classical continuations already exist, but the prepared state reaches only one without noise. A stable entropy direction temporarily beco

Zhanhai Yu, Di Xiang, Xiaotian Zhang, Hao Zhang

Spontaneous breaking of a continuous symmetry produces a massless Goldstone mode that can evolve across a degenerate manifold at zero energy cost. Goldstone modes have been identified primarily through excitation spectra, mode softening or collective oscillations. However, their time-domain transport under intrinsic fluctuations and dissipation has remained

Fei Wu, Erik Demeulemeester, Jannik Matuschke

Large-scale projects are frequently delayed by correlated disruptions: when a shared input such as a common supplier, a specialized team, or a supporting platform degrades, all dependent activities are slowed down simultaneously. This paper introduces delay groups to capture such disruptions: a delay group is a set of activities whose delays stem from a comm

Jiří Suchan, B. Scott Fales, Benjamin G. Levine, Eva Muchová

Charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) excitations provide a chemically central route to generating hydrated electrons and initiating redox chemistry in solution, yet the earliest stage of CTTS---the formation of the excited state itself---is usually treated as instantaneous. Here we present a time-domain perspective of how CTTS character builds up during core-le

Zekai Li, Jiaming Tang, Zhijian Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are increasingly promising for robotic manipulation, yet their real-world deployment remains bottlenecked by high inference latency and unstable asynchronous execution. This challenge is particularly pronounced in flow-matching-based VLA models, where action decoding requires multiple iterative steps conditioned on the VLM

Gabriel Natale, Uma Chirkova, Flávio Henriques Feres, Ran Jing

Air-sensitive 2D materials present a fundamental challenge for device integration. Encapsulation is often required to preserve intrinsic properties, yet conventional protection strategies often fail for thicker layers and complicate fabrication. Here, we demonstrate that electron-beam (e-beam) evaporated aluminum oxide ($\mathrm{AlO}_x$) serves as both an ef

Hanbing Liu, Bowei Zhang, Changyuan Yu, Yinyu Ye

Generative AI is transforming how people access information, challenging traditional advertising mechanisms built around predefined slots. Towards generation-native advertising, we propose the Latent Advertiser Mixture Auction (LAMA), a token-level advertising mechanism that embeds advertiser influence directly into the generation process. Advertisers report

Marco Caoduro, Meike Neuwohner

The zero divisor graph $Γ(R)$ of a finite commutative ring $R$ has as vertices the non-zero zero divisors of $R$, with an edge between two elements exactly when their product is zero. We determine the boxicity and threshold dimension of $Γ(R)$ for two classes of finite commutative rings: reduced rings and quotients of principal ideal domains. Our proofs use

Xin Chen, Fuwei Zhang, Yiqi Tong, Wei Guo

AI-generated text detection is commonly framed as a binary document-level judgment about whether a text is human-written or machine-generated. This framing breaks down for mixed-origin writing, where content origin and expression origin may differ. We cast mixed-origin detection as dimension-to-composition source attribution, inferring content origin and exp

N. Levraud, F. Ferreira, A. Sevin, E. Gendron

The Extremely Large Telecope (ELT) is expected to begin scientific operations in 2030, with MICADO as its first-light imager. The Single Conjugate Adaptive Optics (SCAO) system for MICADO is currently being assembled and tested at the Observatoire de Paris. MICADO's baseline AO control strategy uses a hybrid approach: a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) re

Pratyush Jha, Biswajit Maji, Rahul Pandit

Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have led to significant potential applications in conventional fluid flows, including those that are turbulent. Can these methods be carried over to studies of novel types of turbulence, such as turbulence induced by non-reciprocity in binary-fluid systems? To answer this question, we analyze the statisti

Felix Reichmann, Alberto Mistroni, Fabian Fidorra, Giovanni Capellini

Reducing disorder in undoped Si/SiGe field-effect heterostructures remains an important materials challenge for scalable quantum devices, particularly electron spin qubits. Background impurities such as oxygen have been identified as mobility-limiting, yet practical heterostructure-design strategies for suppressing their incorporation remain underexplored, a

Valerio Marra

The nonlinear relation between density and expansion is usually formulated for a homogeneous spherical top hat, which has a single local Hubble rate. A smooth spherical profile instead expands differently along ($H_{\parallel}$) and across ($H_{\perp}$) the radial direction-a direct signature of radial inhomogeneity. We show that, for growing-mode pressurele

Sudip Pandit, Arnab Saha

In this article, using the theory of $δ$-geometry, we construct a canonical $z$-isocrystal $(\mathbf{H}_δ(E), \mathfrak{f}^*)$ admitting a Hodge-Pink structure for any abelian Anderson module $E$. The Hodge-Pink structure on $\mathbf{H}_δ(E)$ induces a natural filtration $(\mathbf{H}_δ(E) \supset \mathbf{X}_{\mathrm{prim}}(E) \supset \{0\})$. The elements of

Shuoqing Deng, Daxin Huang

We consider the distribution-constrained optimal stopping problem introduced by Bayraktar and Miller (Mathematical Finance, 2019) and Beiglbock et al. (PTRF, 2018). Motivated by the multi-marginal Skorokhod embedding problems (SEP) and applications in mathematical finance, we generalize (a class of) its solution to the multi-marginal case. First, we give a p

Maria Djurić, Ralph Schönrich

The vertical structure of our Galaxy has commonly been assumed to follow a pseudo-isothermal distribution. However, there is no \textit{a priori} reason to expect this form to arise from scattering by giant molecular clouds (GMCs), since GMCs are confined to a narrow layer around the Galactic midplane and therefore do not randomise stars uniformly in vertica

Frederic Koehler, Youngtak Sohn

We establish a sharp phase transition for fitting random vectors by an ellipsoid. The random vectors have independent subgaussian coordinates with mean zero, variance one, and a common fourth moment, and the number of vectors is proportional to the square of the dimension. We identify an explicit satisfiability threshold such that, with high probability, a p

Canzhi Chen, Zan Wang, Siqi Zhu, Qi Wu

This paper introduces Embodied Scene Rearrangement Planning (ESRP), a novel task requiring embodied agents to rearrange furniture in 3D scenes to match a target configuration using only egocentric observations and a top-down target layout. Unlike prior rearrangement tasks, ESRP precludes global state access and introduces mutual object occlusions, reflecting

Kairong Luo, Jiarui Cui, Yaorui Yin, Shengqi Chen

Language model pretraining has become almost synonymous with prohibitive cost, placing it out of reach for much of the academic and open-source communities. Although strong open-source efforts already exist, including open-weight models and open-source training recipes, a cost-efficient, hardware-accessible, and open-source pretraining recipe has long been m

Mingcan Wang, Xiangjun Wang

High-dimensional semilinear parabolic partial differential equations arise in stochastic control, financial engineering, and uncertainty quantification, but classical spatial discretizations suffer from the curse of dimensionality. Motivated by Gaussian perturbation and conditional regression in denoising score matching, we propose Deep-Control BSDE (\DCBSDE

Danqing Zhou, Shiqian Ma, Junfeng Yang

In this paper, we propose a unified framework for accelerated gradient methods, dubbed UGM, which subsumes a wide range of accelerated and conventional gradient-type methods designed for minimizing $L$-smooth and $μ$-strongly convex functions. We demonstrate that the iteration update of the proposed framework can be intrinsically interpreted as a hybrid comb

Frederik Berenz

Joint-Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) for world modeling typically employ fixed-size Vision Transformer encoders that are over-provisioned for simple tasks and under-provisioned for complex ones, with significant redundancy across attention heads. We propose Successive Capacity Growth (SCG), a method that starts from a minimal encoder (1 head, 2 l

Darpan Singhal, Matan Mandelbrod, Tal Franji, Manasa Kolla

Signals are short textual or visual snippets displayed on the eBay View-Item (VI) page, providing additional, contextual information for users about the viewed item. The aim of displaying these signals is to facilitate intelligent purchase and to incentivize engagement. In this paper, we present a 2 stage xgboost based model that optimally populates the VI p

Chenchen Ge, Hanwen Shen, Bowen Jing, Jiyuan Cai

Physics-integrated 3D Gaussian representations now allow reconstructed deformable objects to be simulated and rendered under explicit material models. Existing pipelines, however, assume that material parameters are known or manually specified, limiting their applicability when these parameters must be inferred from observed object dynamics. We propose Knock

Nicholas J. Hallman, Zachary T. Kowaleski, Anu Puvvada, Jaime J. Schmidt

We study how sophistication in generative AI (genAI) use varies among the back-office workforce of a large firm. Using proprietary data, we observe 713,564 employee prompts and their corresponding large language model responses from nearly 4,000 back-office employees across 15 functional areas over eight months in 2025. We document three main findings. First

A. S. Holevo, M. E. Shirokov

In several articles, the authors assume that the convex roof structure of the EoF and finite-dimensionality of subsystems $A$ and $B$ guarantee the existence of the (global) supporting affine functional for the EoF at any state of the system $AB$. This means that for any state $ρ$ of $AB$ there is a Hermitian operator $Λ_ρ$ on $\mathcal{H}_{AB}=\mathcal{H}_A

Manuele Leonelli

Three players won 66 of the 81 Grand Slam titles contested between 2003 and 2023, and their era is widely held to be the most dominant in the history of tennis. Assessing it means comparing players who never met, so that every comparison passes through the opponents each did face. We measure dominance by how far a player stands above the field of his own day

Jean Paul Nery, Raveena Gupta, Olle Hellman, Philip B. Allen

Forbidden reflections (FRs) in X-ray diffraction have inherently weak intensity and have long been studied, in particular in semiconductors like silicon. They serve as sensitive probes of symmetry breaking, local strain, impurities, and weak charge redistribution. Despite extensive experimental work, the theory of their temperature dependence has typically r

Romolo Muletta, Felix Matthias Saaro, Mark Cieliebak, Jan Deriu

Speaker anonymization suppresses speaker-identifying attributes from speech while preserving linguistic content and quality. We propose repurposing XTTSv2, a multilingual voice cloning model trained on 27k hours of speech, for speaker anonymization without retraining. Our key insight is that XTTSv2's voice cloning capabilities preserve prosodic structure

Timmi G. Jørgensen, Ross P. Church

We investigate the population of open clusters in the Solar Neighbourhood and model the effect of encounters with giant molecular clouds (GMCs) over the last 1 Gyr. We combine a Galactic model with $N$-body simulations of 20692 unique clusters in the mass range $[50-24000]$ $\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. Each cluster is simulated twice: with and without tidal forces