Aliased noise characterization and mitigation in BICEP Array 150, 220 and 270 GHz time-division multiplexed detectors
S. Fatigoni, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, C. A. Bischoff, D. Beck, J. J. Bock, V. Buza, B. Cantrall, J. R. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. J. Cukierman, E. Denison, L. Duband, M. A. Echter, M. Eiben, B. D. Elwood, J. P. Filippini, A. Fortes, M. Gao, C. Giannakopoulos, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, S. Gratton, J. A. Grayson, A. Greathouse, P. K. Grimes, M. Halpern, S. Henderson, T. D. Hoang, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, M. Izquierdo Poza, J. H. Kang, K. S. Karkare, S. Kefeli, J. M. Kovac, C. Kuo, K. Lasko, K. Lau, M. Lautzenhiser, T. Liu, S. C. Mackey, N. Maher, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, H. T. Nguyen, R. O'Brient, S. N. Paine, A. Patel, M. A. Petroff, A. R. Polish, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, C. D. Reintsema, T. Romand, M. Salatino, A. Schillaci, B. Schmitt, B. Singari, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, A. Steiger, B. Steinbach, R. Sudiwala, K. L. Thompson, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Vergès, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, J. Willmert, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, C. Yu, L. Zeng, C. Zhang, S. Zhang
Abstract
Early observations with the BICEP Array 150 GHz (BA2-150) and 220/270 GHz (BA3-220/270) receivers revealed detector noise equivalent temperatures (NETs) higher than expected, together with substantial detector-to-detector and module-to-module scatter. Noise measurements acquired with multiplexing off and high frequency sampling demonstrate that this excess originates from elevated high-frequency detector noise that aliases into the science band during time-division multiplexing. We show that the excess high-frequency noise is correlated with anomalously large logarithmic TES transition slopes, α, resulting in elevated electrothermal loop gain and operation near the detector stability boundary. Measurements of α indicate values substantially larger than expected, consistent with the sharper superconducting transitions introduced by the inverted TES fabrication process adopted for BA2-150 and BA3-220/270 detectors. Operational mitigation strategies were investigated through both increased multiplexing rates and elevated focal-plane operating temperatures. Faster multiplexing reduces aliasing by shifting the multiplexing Nyquist frequency beyond the excess noise roll-off, while elevated bath temperatures reduce TES electrical power and loop gain, improving detector stability and reducing NET by approximately 10%. These results demonstrate the importance of balancing TES responsivity, electrothermal stability, and multiplexed readout performance in next-generation CMB polarimeters.
Create a lesson
Related papers
Design and performance of the Fast Beam Condition Monitor for luminosity and background measurement at the CMS Experiment in LHC Run 3
The CMS BRIL Collaboration, Eliana Acurio, Ying An et al.
AlGaN/GaN Hall-Effect Sensor for In-Situ Magnetic Field Monitoring of the HSX Stellarator
Yiming Zhao, Wayne Goodman, Thomas Gallenberger et al.
Measuring and Modelling Lag in Amorphous Silicon Flat-Panel X-ray Detectors
Yiyue Huang, Benjamin Young, Andrew Kingston et al.
Signal formation and induction-gap optimization in a THGEM coupled to a resistive plate anode
Arpan Maity, Luca Moleri, Maryna Borysova et al.
Development and Commissioning of the Cryogenic Target Detectors for the Technical Run of the NUCLEUS Experiment
N. Schermer, H. Abele, G. Angloher et al.
Fabrication and validation of a MEMS Electron Monochromator
M. J. Adriaans, J. P. Hoogenboom, A. Mohammadi-Gheidari