Spontaneous Enhancement of Inward Impurity Pinch during Massive Impurity Injection in Tokamak Plasmas

Abstract

A spontaneous enhancement of inward impurity pinch is identified prior to the fast quench under massive impurity injection on the EAST tokamak. The transition is marked by a rapid shift of the magnetic-island rotation frequency toward the electron diamagnetic direction within a few hundred microseconds. An extended KDG model shows that the impurity-induced increase in bulk ion collisionality can drive a transition across banana regime, nonlinearly modifying the parallel viscosity and producing a radial electric field excursion of approximately -10 kV/m, consistent with experiment. The associated self-organized response of the plasma flow and electrostatic potential can modify the parallel friction and further strengthen the neoclassical inward impurity pinch. Projections for ITER disruption mitigation suggest that this mechanism is expected to enhance impurity penetration, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of mitigation.