First ray-tracing simulations of mode conversion using metaplectic geometrical optics

Abstract

Advanced scenarios of radiofrequency power deposition into magnetically confined fusion plasmas, particularly those using electron Bernstein waves, involve linear mode conversion (energy transfer between separate dispersion branches) in regions where the waves experience reflection. Full-wave simulations of this conversion are time-consuming, and geometrical-optics (GO) modeling is problematic because it is typically restricted to single waves and leads to spurious singularities at cutoffs. Here, we report the first reduced simulations that overcome these limitations without resorting to approximate analytical formulas for the conversion efficiency. The algorithm is based on the recently developed metaplectic geometrical optics (MGO), which eliminates GO's spurious singularities by metaplectic transformations, provided that the symplectic curvature of the rays $R^{-1}$ is small. To prove the concept, we simulate one-dimensional O--X mode conversion caused by the plasma-density gradient near the critical density, a problem for which an approximate analytical solution is available and can be compared with. Numerical MGO demonstrates good agreement with said theory. This opens a way for fast and accurate ray-tracing modeling of any linear mode conversion at $R^{-1} \ll 1$.