October 2025 arXiv papers — page 213

Eleanor Jones, Yuji Nakatsukasa

A growing number of problems in computational mathematics can be reduced to the solution of many linear systems that are related, often depending smoothly or slowly on a parameter $p$, that is, $A(p)x(p)=b(p)$. We introduce an efficient algorithm for solving such parameter-dependent linear systems for many values of $p$. The algorithm, which we call SubApSna

Servet Ozdemir, Matthew Rogers, Conor J. McCluskey, Raymond G. McQuaid

Frustrated Kondo spin lattice (KSL) systems away from the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state have been found to display strange metal behaviour. A signature of strange metals in correlated systems is large Nernst response. Metallo-molecular interfaces of supramolecular lattices have been demonstrated as 2D KSL systems in STM studies. Here going beyond STM

Arnela Hadzic, Simon Johannes Joham, Martin Urschler

Generating synthetic CT (sCT) from MRI or CBCT plays a crucial role in enabling MRI-only and CBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy, improving treatment precision while reducing patient radiation exposure. To address this task, we adopt a fully 3D Flow Matching (FM) framework, motivated by recent work demonstrating FM's efficiency in producing high-quality images.

Zicheng Jiang, Jixin Gao, Shengfeng He, Xinzhe Li

We propose AvatarVTON, the first 4D virtual try-on framework that generates realistic try-on results from a single in-shop garment image, enabling free pose control, novel-view rendering, and diverse garment choices. Unlike existing methods, AvatarVTON supports dynamic garment interactions under single-view supervision, without relying on multi-view garment

Wenqian Sun, Yanxin Feng, Christian D. Santangelo, D. Zeb Rocklin

Thin surfaces are ubiquitous in nature, from leaves to cell membranes, and in technology, from paper to corrugated containers. Structural thinness imbues them with flexibility, the ability to easily bend under light loads, even as their much higher stretching stiffness can bear substantial stresses. When surfaces have periodic patterns of either smooth hills

Alexander Somov

A new electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) consisting of 1596 lead tungstate PbWO$_{\rm 4}$ scintillating crystals has been fabricated and installed in the experimental Hall D at Jefferson Lab (JLab). The high-granularity, high-resolution calorimeter is required by the JLab Eta Factory experiment, whose main physics goal is to study rare decays of eta mesons.

Benlin Liu, Amita Kamath, Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin, Winson Han

Despite interpretability work analyzing VIT encoders and transformer activations, we don't yet understand why Multimodal Language Models (MLMs) struggle on perception-heavy tasks. We offer an under-studied perspective by examining how popular MLMs (LLaVA-OneVision, Qwen2.5-VL, and Llama-3-LLaVA-NeXT) process their visual key-value tokens. We first study the

Abhinav Madahar

Controllers for structured LM reasoning (e.g., Chain-of-Thought, self-consistency, and Tree-of-Thoughts) often entangle what to try next with how to execute it, exposing only coarse global knobs and yielding brittle, compute-inefficient, and hard-to-audit behavior. We introduce Natural Language Edge Labelling (NLEL), a labeller-tuner overlay that attaches a

Junhyung Ahn, Sanghack Lee

Accurately predicting conversion rate (CVR) is essential in various recommendation domains such as online advertising systems and e-commerce. These systems utilize user interaction logs, which consist of exposures, clicks, and conversions. CVR prediction models are typically trained solely based on clicked samples, as conversions can only be determined follo

Lorenzo Zapparoli, Blazhe Gjorgiev, Giovanni Sansavini

The growing penetration of renewable energy sources is expected to drive higher demand for power reserve ancillary services (AS). One solution is to increase the supply by integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into the AS market through virtual power plants (VPPs). Several methods have been developed to assess the potential of VPPs to provide servi

Wen-Nian Liu, Wen-Xuan Zhang, Cheng-Jie Wang, Kai-Kai Zhang

Exploring the limits of color interactions in multiquark states is an important topic. Based on the bag confinement picture of hadrons, we find that for singly heavy pentaquarks, the bag confinement radius precisely falls within the range of color interaction limits provided by lattice QCD, approximately 1.17--1.29$\,\text{fm}$. This leads us to believe that

Grzegorz Kudra, Ali Fasihi, Mohammad Parsa Rezaei, Muhammad Junaid-U-Rehman

This paper presents mathematical modeling and numerical analysis of bifurcation and synchronization phenomena in a system of coupled oscillators driven by a finite-power energy source and generating two-dimensional stick-slip translational-rotational vibrations. The mechanical system consists of rigid disks placed on moving belts and asymmetrically connected

Malith Premarathna, Fabrizio Ruggeri, Dixon Vimalajeewa

Understanding signal behavior across scales is vital in areas such as natural phenomena analysis and financial modeling. A key property is self-similarity, quantified by the Hurst exponent (H), which reveals long-term dependencies. Wavelet-based methods are effective for estimating H due to their multi-scale analysis capability, but additive noise in real-wo

Davide Buoso, Riccardo Molinarolo

We show that the fundamental tone of the bilaplacian with Dirichlet or Navier boundary conditions on radially symmetric domains is always simple in dimension $N\ge3$. In dimension $N=2$ we show that it is simple if the inner radius is big enough.

Francois Dufour, Tomas Prieto-Rumeau

The Feinberg-Piunovskiy Theorem established in [14, Theorem 3.8] asserts that for a discrete-time uniformly absorbing and atomless Markov Decision Process (MDP) with Borel state space and multiple criteria, the family of deterministic stationary policies is a sufficient class of policies. In this paper, we study some related problems and some extensions. In

Alex Rose, Naman Aggarwal, Christopher Jewison, Jonathan P. How

This paper presents a new multi-query motion planning algorithm for linear Gaussian systems with the goal of reaching a Euclidean ball with high probability. We develop a new formulation for ball-shaped ambiguity sets of Gaussian distributions and leverage it to develop a distributionally robust belief roadmap construction algorithm. This algorithm synthe- s

Matthew Hatton, Jack H Laverick, Neil Banas, Michael Heath

Climate change and fisheries jointly shape the resilience of the Barents Sea marine ecosystem, yet the recovery of key fish populations to climate and anthropogenic disturbances requires further investigation. This study examines how fishing pressure and climate change, driven by the NEMO-MEDUSA Earth system model, influence the recovery times of Demersal an

Daniel Le, Bao V. Le Hung, Heejong Lee

We prove the weight part of Serre's conjecture for Galois representations valued in $\mathrm{GSp}_4$ that are tamely ramified with explicit genericity at places above $p$ as conjectured by Herzig--Tilouine and Gee--Herzig--Savitt. This improves on arXiv:2304.13879 where an inexplicit genericity hypothesis was required. As an application, we prove a modularit

F. Bagherpour, Y. Yekta, H. Hadipour, E. Sasioglu

Understanding the interplay between screening, electronic correlations, and collective excitations is essential for the design of two-dimensional quantum materials. Here, we present a comprehensive first-principles study of more than 60 MA$_2$Z$_4$ monolayers, encompassing semiconducting, metallic, cold-metallic, magnetic, and topological phases. Using the c

Lisa Nikolić, Gaia Verna, Marina Manganaro, Giacomo Bonnoli

PKS 2155-304 is a well-known high-frequency peaked BL Lac (HBL) at redshift z=0.116, which has been extensively studied across the electromagnetic spectrum due to its rapid and large-amplitude variability. Several violent outbursts in X-rays and $\gamma$-rays have been observed in the past, with intra-night variability in very-high-energy $\gamma$-rays (VHE;

Francesca Gomez

When AI agents operating with access to sensitive information encounter a conflict between completing an assigned task and following rules or ethical constraints, they can resort to unsanctioned behaviour. Existing inference time safety work addresses this primarily through monitoring and access restriction. We investigate a complementary and under-explored

Han Zhang, Lalithkumar Seenivasan, Jose L. Porras, Roger D. Soberanis-Mukul

Observing surgical practice has historically relied on fixed vantage points or recollections, leaving the egocentric perspectives that shape clinical decisions undocumented. Ambient fixed cameras capture the operating room (OR) at room scale but cannot recover what any individual team member actually saw. We present EgoSurg, a framework that reconstructs dyn

Sourav Mitra, Sebastian Schwarzacher

In this article we consider two different heat conducting fluids each modelled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier system separated by a non-linear elastic Koiter shell. The motion of the shell changes the domain of definition of the two separated fluids. For this setting we show the existence of a weak solution. The heat capacity of the shell is giv

Sangmin Bae, Bilge Acun, Chien-Yu Lin, Haroun Habeeb

Recent progress in large language models demonstrates that hybrid architectures--combining self-attention mechanisms with structured state space models like Mamba--can achieve a compelling balance between modeling quality and computational efficiency, particularly for long-context tasks. While these hybrid models show promising performance, systematic compar

Jixiang Wan, Guangyan Zhu

Let $(x, y)$ and $[x, y]$ denote the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple of the integers $x$ and $y$ respectively. We denote by $|T|$ the number of elements of a finite set $T$. Let $a,b$ and $n$ be positive integers and let $S=\{x_1, ..., x_n\}$ be a set of $n$ distinct positive integers. We denote by $(S^a)$ (resp. $[S^a]$) the $n\times n

Maria Paola Speciale, Alessandra Jannelli

In this paper, we present a new fractional mathematical model to describe the dynamics and the interaction between plants and water in arid and semi-arid environments with and without slope. By the Caputo fractional operator, the model allows for simulating the phenomena related to the vegetation migration, which occur in domains with different slopes. By as

Mengjia He, Yongbo Deng, Burkhard Luy, Jan G. Korvink

Quantum optimal control is central to designing spin manipulation pulses. Gradient-based pulse optimization can be facilitated by either accelerating gradient evaluation or enhancing the convergence rate. In this work, we accelerated single-spin optimal control by combining the finite element method with the method of moving asymptotes. By treating discretiz

Samah Kansab, Francis Bordeleau, Ali Tizghadam

Empirical research on code review processes is increasingly central to understanding software quality and collaboration. However, collecting and analyzing review data remains a time-consuming and technically intensive task. Most researchers follow similar workflows - writing ad hoc scripts to extract, filter, and analyze review data from platforms like GitHu

Cole Brower, Samuel Rodriguez Bernabeu, Jeff Hammond, John Gunnels

We report cutting-edge performance results via mixed-precision spin adapted ab initio Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) electronic structure calculations utilizing the Ozaki scheme for emulating FP64 arithmetic through the use of fixed-point compute resources. By approximating the underlying matrix and tensor algebra with operations on a modest num

Alon Kaya, Igal Bilik, Inna Stainvas

Vision-transformers (ViTs) and large-scale convolution-neural-networks (CNNs) have reshaped computer vision through pretrained feature representations that enable strong transfer learning for diverse tasks. However, their efficiency as backbone architectures for geometric estimation tasks involving image deformations in low-data regimes remains an open quest

Emma Y. Lenander, Frida B. Nielsen, Jakob Lass, Ursula B. Hansen

The frustrated magnet Bi2Fe4O9 has been reported to exhibit complex spin dynamics coexisting with conventional spin wave excitations. The magnetic Fe3+ (S = 5/2) ions are arranged into a distorted two-dimensional Cairo pentagonal lattice with weak couplings between the layers, developing long-ranged non-collinear antiferromagnetic order below 245 K. In order

Ni Zhang, Zhiguang Cao

Existing GFlowNet-based methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) typically employ Trajectory Balance (TB) to achieve global optimization but often neglect important aspects of local optimization. While Detailed Balance (DB) addresses local optimization more effectively, it alone falls short in solving VRPs, which inherently require holistic trajectory opt

Kristian Kolthoff, Felix Kretzer, Simone Paolo Ponzetto, Alexander Maedche

GUIs are foundational to interactive systems and play a pivotal role in early requirements elicitation through prototyping. Ensuring that GUI implementations fulfill NL requirements is essential for robust software engineering, especially as LLM-driven programming agents become increasingly integrated into development workflows. Existing GUI testing approach

Fangyi Fitz Hu, Ilya Mandel, Rebecca Nealon, Daniel J. Price

When debris from a star that experienced a tidal disruption events (TDE) after passing too close to a massive black hole returns to pericenter on the second passage, it is compressed, leading to the formation of nozzle shocks (in the orbital plane) and pancake shocks (perpendicular to the orbital plane). Resolving these shocks is a long-standing problem in t

Franklin L. S. Rodrigues, Eric Lutz

Noncommutativity of observables is a central feature of quantum physics. It plays a fundamental role in the formulation of the uncertainty principle for complementary variables and strongly affects the laws of thermodynamics for systems with noncommuting, that is, non-Abelian, conserved quantities. We here derive nonequilibrium generalizations of the second

Zifan Song, Kaitao Song, Guosheng Hu, Ding Qi

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and agentic systems have shown exceptional decision-making capabilities, revealing significant potential for autonomic finance. Current financial trading agents predominantly simulate anthropomorphic roles that inadvertently introduce emotional biases and rely on peripheral information, while being constrai

Mohammad Mahdi Samiei Paqaleh, Arash Marioriyad, Arman Tahmasebi-Zadeh, Mohamadreza Fereydooni

Recent progress has pushed AI frontiers from pattern recognition tasks toward problems that require step by step, System2 style reasoning, especially with large language models. Yet, unlike learning, where generalization and out of distribution (OoD) evaluation concepts are well formalized, there is no clear, consistent definition or metric for reasoning abi

Jonas Hübotter, Leander Diaz-Bone, Ido Hakimi, Andreas Krause

Humans are good at learning on the job: We learn how to solve the tasks we face as we go along. Can a model do the same? We propose an agent that assembles a task-specific curriculum, called test-time curriculum (TTC-RL), and applies reinforcement learning to continue training the model for its target task. The test-time curriculum avoids time-consuming huma

Luca Lazzaro, Manuel S. Mariani, René Algesheimer, Radu Tanase

Individual thresholds in social contagions capture what fraction of others must adopt a new product or behavior before an individual adopts it. Yet in a given choice context and population, we rarely know the empirical threshold distribution or what explains its heterogeneity. This limits the ability to predict diffusion dynamics and design effective network

Christopher A. Orrico, Hari Prasad Varadarajan, Matthijs van Berkel, Lennard Ceelen

Control of the density profile based on pellet fueling for the ITER nuclear fusion tokamak involves a multi-rate nonlinear system with safety-critical constraints, input delays, and discrete actuators with parametric uncertainty. To address this challenging problem, we propose a multi-stage MPC (msMPC) approach to handle uncertainty in the presence of mixed-

Kishor Nepal, Aashish Gautam, Ridwan Hussein, Konstantinos Konstantinou

We report new insights into the electronic, structural, and transport (heat and charge) properties of the phase-change memory material Ge2Sb2Te5. Using realistic structural models of Konstantinou et. al. [Nat. Commun. 10, 3065 (2019)], we analyze the topology, electronic states, and lattice dynamics with density functional methods, including hybrid-functiona

Ferdinand Wagner

Peter Scholze has raised the question whether some variant of the $q$-de Rham complex is already defined over the Habiro ring $\mathcal H = \lim_{m\in\mathbb N}\mathbb Z[q]_{(q^m-1)}^\wedge$. We show that such a variant exists whenever the $q$-de Rham complex can be equipped with a "$q$-Hodge filtration": a $q$-deformation of the Hodge filtration, subject to

Javed Ahmad, Federico Dassiè, Selene Frascella, Gabriele Marchello

High-fidelity 3D scanning is essential for preserving cultural heritage artefacts, supporting documentation, analysis, and long-term conservation. However, conventional methods typically require specialized expertise and manual intervention to maintain optimal scanning conditions and coverage. We present an automated two-robot scanning system that eliminates

Arie Wortsman, Bruno Loureiro

In this work, we investigate high-dimensional kernel ridge regression (KRR) on i.i.d. Gaussian data with anisotropic power-law covariance. This setting differs fundamentally from the classical source & capacity conditions for KRR, where power-law assumptions are typically imposed on the kernel eigen-spectrum itself. Our contributions are twofold. First, we d

Davesh Maulik, Dhruv Ranganathan

Gromov-Witten (GW) theory produces Chow and cohomology classes on the moduli of curves, and there are several conjectures/speculations about their relation to the tautological ring. We develop new degeneration techniques to address these. In Chow, we show that GW cycles of complete intersections in products of projective spaces (and more generally a broad cl

Ming-Ming Long, Kirill Melnikov, Andrey Pikelner

We present a semi-analytic calculation of the integrated double-emission eikonal function of two massive emitters whose momenta are at an arbitrary angle to each other. This result is needed for extending the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme arXiv:1702.01352 to processes with massive partons.

D. Ahmadi, M. Tytgat

Resistive Plate Chambers detectors are extensively used in several domains of Physics. In High Energy Physics, they are typically operated in avalanche mode with a high-performance gas mixture based on Tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4), a fluorinated high Global Warming Potential greenhouse gas. The RPC EcoGas@GIF++ Collaboration has pursued an intensive R\&D activ

Ebenezer Awotoro, Chisom Ezekannagha, Florian Schwarz, Johannes Tauscher

Structural biology has made significant progress in determining membrane proteins, leading to a remarkable increase in the number of available structures in dedicated databases. The inherent complexity of membrane protein structures, coupled with challenges such as missing data, inconsistencies, and computational barriers from disparate sources, underscores

Weixu Zhu, Marco Dorigo, Mary Katherine Heinrich

Our recently introduced self-organizing nervous system (SoNS) provides robot swarms with 1) ease of behavior design and 2) global estimation of the swarm configuration and its collective environment, facilitating the implementation of online automatic code generation for robot swarms. In a demonstration with 6 real robots and simulation trials with >30 robot

Max Kirchner, Hanna Hoffmann, Alexander C. Jenke, Oliver L. Saldanha

Developing generalizable surgical AI requires multi-institutional data, yet privacy constraints preclude direct data sharing, making Federated Learning (FL) a natural candidate. Its application to complex, spatiotemporal surgical video remains largely unbenchmarked. We present the FedSurg Challenge, the first international initiative dedicated to FL in surgi

Damien Korber, Iryna Chemerynska, Lukas J. Furtak, Hakim Atek

We use the ultra-deep GLIMPSE JWST/NIRCam survey to constrain the faint-end of the H$\beta$+[OIII]$\lambda\lambda$4960,5008 luminosity function (LF) down to $10^{39}$ erg/s at z=7-9 behind the lensed Hubble Frontier Field Abell S1063. We perform SED fitting on a Lyman-Break Galaxy sample, measuring combined H$\beta$+[OIII] fluxes to construct the emission-li

Xiaomeng Fan, Yuchuan Mao, Zhi Gao, Yuwei Wu

Open-vocabulary learning requires modeling the data distribution in open environments, which consists of both seen-class and unseen-class data. Existing methods estimate the distribution in open environments using seen-class data, where the absence of unseen classes makes the estimation error inherently unidentifiable. Intuitively, learning beyond the seen c

Michele Caprio, Siu Lun Chau, Krikamol Muandet

Many machine learning algorithms rely on iterative updates of uncertainty representations, ranging from variational inference and expectation-maximization, to reinforcement learning, continual learning, and multi-agent learning. In the presence of imprecision and ambiguity, credal sets -- closed, convex sets of probability distributions -- have emerged as a

Charles Zhang, Elena Echeverria, Abigail Flint, William H Li

We experimentally demonstrate a method for reconstructing the transverse 4D phase space of an electron beam at the time of emission from downstream diagnostics of the 4D phase space. This method does not rely on detailed knowledge of the beamline transport, besides assuming that linearity and symplecticity are satisfied. We apply this method to measure the t

I. I. Beterov, K. V. Kozenko, P. Xu, I. I. Ryabtsev

We designed a scheme for a neutral atom Rydberg blockade $C_Z$ gate based on the double sequence of adiabatic pulses applied symmetrically to both atoms and using counterdiabatic driving for Rydberg excitation. This provides a substantial reduction in the quantum gate operation time compared to previously proposed double adiabatic schemes, and makes our sche

Jinbo Wen, Jiawen Kang, Linfeng Zhang, Xiaoying Tang

Web 3.0 represents the next generation of the Internet, which is widely recognized as a decentralized ecosystem that focuses on value expression and data ownership. By leveraging blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies, Web 3.0 offers unprecedented opportunities for users to create, own, and monetize their content, thereby enabling User-Generated

Raha Askari, Sina Zarrieß, Özge Alacam, Judith Sieker

Implicit meanings are integral to human communication, making it essential for language models to be capable of identifying and interpreting them. Grice (1975) proposed a set of conversational maxims that guide cooperative dialogue, noting that speakers may deliberately violate these principles to express meanings beyond literal words, and that listeners, in

Shammi Malhotra, Sarika Goyal, K. Sreenadh

We investigate the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to the following problem driven by the superposition of the Laplacian and the fractional Laplacian with Hardy potential \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} -\Delta u + (-\Delta)^s u - \mu \frac{u}{|x|^2} &= \lambda |u|^{p-2} u + |u|^{2^*-2} u \quad \text{in } \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^

Thorsten Glüsenkamp

A generic D-dimensional Gaussian can be conditioned or projected onto the D-1 unit sphere, thereby leading to the well-known Fisher-Bingham (FB) or Angular Gaussian (AG) distribution families, respectively. These are some of the most fundamental distributions on the sphere, yet cannot straightforwardly be written as a normalizing flow except in two special c

Daniela I. Flores-Silva, Miguel A. Sordo, Alfonso Suárez-Llorens

We extend the "probability-equivalent level of VaR and CoVaR" (PELCoV) methodology to accommodate bivariate risks modeled by a Student-t copula, relaxing the strong dependence assumptions of earlier approaches and enhancing the framework's ability to capture tail dependence and asymmetric co-movements. While the theoretical results are developed in a static

Leni Yang, Zezhong Wang, Xingyu Lan

Data storytelling has seen rapid growth through a proliferation of examples, as well as theoretical and technical advancements contributed across multiple disciplines. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of data storytelling research from 2010 to 2025. By analyzing the conceptualizations of data storytelling collected from related publications,

Sisay Deresa Sima, Ayalew Belay Habtie

Software development effort estimation is one of the most critical aspect in software development process, as the success or failure of the entire project depends on the accuracy of estimations. Researchers are still conducting studies on agile effort estimation. The aim of this research is to develop a story point based agile effort estimation model using L

Chi Yan, Dan Xu

The 3D occupancy prediction task has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, playing a crucial role in vision-based autonomous driving systems. While traditional methods are limited to fixed semantic categories, recent approaches have moved towards predicting text-aligned features to enable open-vocabulary text queries in real-world scenes. However, t

Eduardo Martínez Rivera, Filippo Menolascina

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful technique for enriching Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, allowing for factually grounded responses, a critical requirement in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. However, the efficacy of RAG systems is fundamentally restricted by the performance of their retrieval module, since irrel

Yintai Zhang, Aritra Sinha, Marek M. Rams, Jacek Dziarmaga

We study the two-dimensional $t$--$J$ model at finite temperature directly in the thermodynamic limit using purification represented by an infinite projected entangled-pair state (iPEPS). We reach temperatures down to $T/t=0.1$ and hole concentrations up to $1-n\simeq0.25$, and provide benchmark thermodynamic-limit results for the specific heat, uniform susc

Jason Miklian, Kristian Hoelscher

Digital technologies are transforming democratic life in conflicting ways. This article bridges two perspectives to unpack these tensions. First, we present an original survey of software developers in Silicon Valley, interrogating how coder worldviews, ethics, and workplace cultures shape the democratic potential and social impact of the technologies they b

Fuyuki Kitagawa, Ryo Nishimaki, Nikhil Pappu

Secure key leasing (SKL) enables the holder of a secret key for a cryptographic function to temporarily lease the key using quantum information. Later, the recipient can produce a deletion certificate, which proves that they no longer have access to the secret key. The security guarantee ensures that even a malicious recipient cannot continue to evaluate the

Masoumeh Chapariniya, Teodora Vukovic, Sarah Ebling, Volker Dellwo

This paper investigates the performance of transformer-based architectures for person identification in natural, face-to-face conversation scenario. We implement and evaluate a two-stream framework that separately models spatial configurations and temporal motion patterns of 133 COCO WholeBody keypoints, extracted from a subset of the CANDOR conversational c

Raphaela de Oliveira, Yara Galvão Gobato, Ronei C. de Oliveira, José R. de Toledo

Biotite crystals are phyllosilicate trioctahedral micas with the general chemical formula K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 that form a solid-solution series with iron-poor phlogopite and iron-rich annite endmembers. With a wide band gap energy and a layered structure with free surface charges, biotite nanosheets can be readily obtained by cleavage methods and used as

Xinyi Wei, Julian Braun, Yangshuai Wang, Lei Zhang

We present a higher-order boundary condition for atomistic simulations of dislocations that address the slow convergence of standard supercell methods. The method is based on a multipole expansion of the equilibrium displacement, combining continuum predictor solutions with discrete moment corrections. The continuum predictors are computed by solving a hiera

Peshala Perera, Deshan Sumanathilaka

Dyslexia in adults remains an under-researched and under-served area, particularly in non-English-speaking contexts, despite its significant impact on personal and professional lives. This work addresses that gap by focusing on Sinhala, a low-resource language with limited tools for linguistic accessibility. We present an assistive system explicitly designed

Samy Ateia, Udo Kruschwitz, Melanie Scholz, Agnes Koschmider

The increasing volume of scholarly publications requires advanced tools for efficient knowledge discovery and management. This paper introduces ongoing work on a system using Large Language Models (LLMs) for the semantic extraction of key concepts from scientific documents. Our research, conducted within the German National Research Data Infrastructure for a

Giacomo Vitali, Chiara Vercellino, Paolo Viviani, Olivier Terzo

In this paper, we define and benchmark a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning pipeline by performing a binary classification task applied to a real-world financial use case. Specifically, we implement a Quantum Reservoir Computing (QRC) layer within a classical routine that includes data preprocessing and binary classification. The reservoir layer has b

C. I. Eze, G. Handler, F. Kahraman Aliçavuş, T. Pawar

Massive stars exhibit a perplexing mismatch between their inferred masses from different observational techniques, posing a significant challenge to our understanding of stellar evolution and structure. This discrepancy is believed to be caused by the underestimation of the convective core masses. The efficiency of such measurement is usually impaired by a l

Lucas Sempéré, Yue Bi, Yue Wu, Pengwenlong Gu

One of the main challenges facing Internet of Things (IoT) networks is managing interference caused by the large number of devices communicating simultaneously, particularly in multi-cluster networks where multiple devices simultaneously transmit to their respective receiver. Over-the-Air Computation (AirComp) has emerged as a promising solution for efficien

Wali Ullah Khan, Chandan Kumar Sheemar, Eva Lagunas, Xingwang Li

In this work, we study a multi-user NTN in which a satellite serves as the primary network and a high-altitude platform station (HAPS) operates as the secondary network, acting as a cognitive radio. To reduce the cost, complexity, and power consumption of conventional antenna arrays, we equip the HAPS with a transmissive BD-RIS antenna front end. We then for

Luis Alfredo Ixquiac Méndez, Martino Zanetti, Tilman Kraeft, Thomas Juffmann

Single-electron detectors are a key component of electron microscopes and advanced electron optics experiments. We present a YAG:Ce scintillator-based single-electron detector with a spatial resolution of 1 micrometer at an electron energy of 17 keV. Single-electron detection events are identified with an efficiency and purity larger than 0.8 at an electron

Alina Ciocarlan, Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle, Sidonie Lefebvre

Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) is a challenging task in defense applications, where complex backgrounds and tiny target sizes often result in numerous false alarms using conventional object detectors. To overcome this limitation, we propose Anomaly-Aware YOLO (AA-YOLO), which integrates a statistical anomaly detection test into its detection head. B

Shawn Berry

Traffic congestion represents a complex urban phenomenon that has been the subject of extensive research employing various modeling techniques grounded in the principles of physics and molecular theory. Although factors such as road design, accidents, weather conditions, and construction activities contribute to traffic congestion, driver behavior and decisi

Mehdi Houshmand Sarkhoosh, Frøy Øye, Henrik Nestor Sørlie, Nam Hoang Vu

Quantifying sponsor visibility in sports broadcasts is a critical marketing task traditionally hindered by manual, subjective, and unscalable analysis methods. While automated systems offer an alternative, their reliance on axis-aligned Horizontal Bounding Box (HBB) leads to inaccurate exposuremetrics when logos appear rotated or skewed due to dynamic camera

Baher Mohammad, Magauiya Zhussip, Stamatios Lefkimmiatis

We introduce MAVE (Mamba with Cross-Attention for Voice Editing and Synthesis), a novel autoregressive architecture for text-conditioned voice editing and high-fidelity text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, built on a cross-attentive Mamba backbone. MAVE achieves state-of-the-art performance in speech editing and very competitive results in zero-shot TTS, while no

Yusuf Amidu, Khaled Elbassioni, Adriana F. Gabor

In this paper we propose primal-dual algorithms for different variants of the online resource allocation problem with departures. In the basic variant, requests (items) arrive over time to a set of resources (knapsacks) and upon arrival, the duration of time a request may occupy a resource, the demand and reward if the request can be granted, become known. %

Jonathan Svirsky, Ofir Lindenbaum, Uri Shaham

While signal conversion and disentangled representation learning have shown promise for manipulating data attributes across domains such as audio, image, and multimodal generation, existing approaches, especially for speech style conversion, are largely empirical and lack rigorous theoretical foundations to guarantee reliable and interpretable control. In th

Juan Vidal Alegría

Unitary matrices are the basis of a large number of signal processing applications. In many of these applications, finding ways to efficiently store, and even transmit these matrices, can significantly reduce memory and throughput requirements. In this work, we study the problem of efficient transmission and storage of unitary matrices. Specifically, we expl

Wolfram Kollatschny, Norbert Schartel, Malte A. Probst, Martin W. Ochmann

PG0043+039 has been identified as an extremely X-ray-weak quasar and as a peculiar broad-absorption-line quasar based on UV HST spectra. We took simultaneous deep X-ray observations of PG0043+039 with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR, UV spectra with the HST, and optical spectra with the HET telescope in 2022. PG0043+039 was an extreme low-X-ray-luminosity quasar in 20

Douglas Dziedzorm Agbeve, Andrey Belogaev, Chris Blondia, Jeroen Famaey

IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) introduced Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), which enables simultaneous transmissions through centralized resource allocation. However, effective uplink scheduling requires the Access Point (AP) to identify which stations (STAs) have data to transmit. This typically necessitates polling for buffer status reports,

Dimitra Kosta, Apostolos Thoma, Marius Vladoiu

Strongly robust toric ideals are the toric ideals for which the set of indispensable binomials is the Graver basis. The strongly robust simplicial complex $\Delta _T$ of a simple toric ideal $I_T$ determines the strongly robust property for all toric ideals that have $I_T$ as their bouquet ideal. We prove that $\text{dim} \Delta_T<\text{rank}(T)$ for configu

Divyansh Srivastava, Andrzej Niedzielski

Transient noise (glitches) in LIGO data hinders the detection of gravitational waves (GW). The Gravity Spy project has categorized these noise events into various classes. With the O3 run, there is the inclusion of two additional noise classes and thus a need to train new models for effective classification. We aim to classify glitches in LIGO data into 22 e

Nanjia Li, Weibo Liu, Yongchao Ma, Wei Zhao

The Kibble balance realizes the kilogram by linking mechanical and electrical quantities via a magnet system. In an improved BIPM-type magnet design by Tsinghua University, an open/close surface was incorporated, facilitating operation. However, an unavoidable mechanical air gap at the splitting plane introduces asymmetry in the magnetic flux density profile

Mehrasa Ahmadipour, Aurélien Garivier

We study the fixed-confidence best arm identification (BAI) problem within the multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework under the Entropic Value-at-Risk (EVaR) criterion. Our analysis considers a nonparametric setting, allowing for general reward distributions bounded in [0,1]. This formulation addresses the critical need for risk-averse decision-making in high-st

Emanuele Mule, Stefano Fiorini, Antonio Purificato, Federico Siciliano

Hypergraphs provide a natural way to represent higher-order interactions among multiple entities. While undirected hypergraphs have been extensively studied, the case of directed hypergraphs, which can model oriented group interactions, remains largely under-explored despite its relevance for many applications. Recent approaches in this direction often exhib

Miguel Alves Pereira

This article proposes predictive economics as a distinct analytical perspective within economics, grounded in machine learning and centred on predictive accuracy rather than causal identification. Drawing on the instrumentalist tradition (Friedman), the explanation-prediction divide (Shmueli), and the contrast between modelling cultures (Breiman), we formali

Riku Anttila

We prove that sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimates are inherited from a diffusion process on the ambient space to the reflected diffusion process on a subset which is an inner uniform domain.

Etor Arza, Welf Rehberg, Philipp Weiss, Mihir Kulkarni

This paper introduces a methodology for task-specific design optimization of multirotor Micro Aerial Vehicles. By leveraging reinforcement learning, Bayesian optimization, and covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy, we optimize aerial robot designs guided exclusively by their closed-loop performance in a considered task. Our approach systematically

Durba Bhattacharya, Sucharita Roy, Sourabh Bhattacharya

Prime numbers have fascinated mathematicians since antiquity, with ongoing efforts to uncover both their properties and ever-larger examples. While giant primes rarely aid cryptography, they find use in areas such as locally decodable codes. Large prime-hunting, often brute-force in nature, is conceptually linked to the Riemann Hypothesis and the prime numbe

Niccolò Niccoli, Lorenzo Seidenari, Ilaria Greco, Francesco Rovero

Camera traps are widely used for wildlife monitoring, but extracting accurate distance measurements from monocular images remains challenging due to the lack of depth information. While monocular depth estimation (MDE) methods have advanced significantly, their performance in natural wildlife environments has not been systematically evaluated. This work intr

E. Kolomiecas, A. Kučinskas, J. Klevas, V. Dobrovolskas

Aims. We have determined Sr abundance in a sample of 31 red giant branch stars located in the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc with the aim to identify potential differences in the Sr abundance between first population (1P, Na-poor) and second population (2P, Na-rich) stars. Methods. We derived the Na and Sr abundances from the archival spectra obtained with

Václav Papež, Karel Künzel, Petr Konrád, Kristýna Carrera

The mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced concrete is critically dependent on the orientation and concentration of its reinforcing fibers. This paper presents a non-destructive method for diagnosing fiber parameters in large planar specimens. The proposed technique utilizes an electromagnetic measurement system using electrical coils with commercial LCR

Ivo Petrov, Jasper Dekoninck, Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong performance on mathematical benchmarks. At the same time, they are prone to hallucination and sycophancy, often providing convincing but flawed proofs for incorrect mathematical statements provided by users. This significantly limits the applicability of LLMs in theorem proving, as verification of these

Jianfeng Yang, Soumarup Bhattacharyya, Aditya Potnis, Hao Zeng

Manoeuvring untethered, centimetre-scale airborne structures has been a long-standing challenge. Active flight systems, relying on high-power-density actuators alongside mechanical and electronic components, are constrained by critical limitations in energy delivery and miniaturisation. In contrast, passive systems transported and distributed by the wind typ